Should Laptops Be Banned from the Classroom.

The world is rapidly progressing to a more technologically advanced era. Information and Communication Technology has influenced individual’s behavior, thinking skills and ability to fulfill daily tasks and responsibilities. As a result, the education system has incorporated technological tools into the curriculum. These tools include: radio broadcasting, computers, audio visual systems, the Internet, virtual learning centers, networks, instructional software, and projectors. Thus, the Ministry of Education’s philosophy (2005, p. 0) states that â€Å"Applying technology in education would enhance human capacity, dynamize the teaching/learning environment, promote creativity, innovation, critical thinking, decision making and lifelong learning. † This predominant point suggests that laptops should not be banned in the classroom at the University level. Reasons are distribution, media, productivity, Internet, software, virtuality, management and environment. From t he inception of the People’s Partnership government in 2010, an innovative approach has been implemented to endorse literacy, numeracy and critical thinking skills.The People’s Partnership (2010) acknowledged that, â€Å"Information Technology based learning will be infused in education at primary and secondary levels to support and complement other forms of teaching, learning and basic research. † As a result, The Prime Minister declared that, â€Å"Every child going on to secondary school from the Secondary Entrance Assessment will be provided with a laptop to begin their secondary school education. † (2010) With reference to this statement, I deem it necessary for laptops to be used at the University level.Students spend majority of their time doing research, completing assignments, downloading notes from e-mails or the internet and most importantly, engaging in computer aided instruction at classes. A Laptop is an effective tool that facilitates learn ing to all students in and out of the classroom. The previously mentioned effective tool aims to change teaching to a student-centered process and make education more relevant. Trinidad and Tobago Computer Society (2010). Laptops allow students the individual attention that fosters learning and provides effective feedback. Apart from this, lesson content are delivered through media in classes.Projectors, speakers and laptops are some of the technological tools that promote teaching and learning. With regards to this, the Ministry of Education (2005) states that, The Ministry of Education recognizes the importance of locally produced ICT curriculum resources to support education reform in this digital era. As such, digital resources shall play a central role in integrating ICT into the curriculum, developing innovative practices and transforming the way students learn. To promote more effective use of ICT in the classroom, the MOE shall develop and supply quality digital education re sources for teaching, learning and testing.All digital content shall be relevant to the local curriculum and directed toward curriculum outcomes. (p. 26) Students are more motivated to learn and teaching is enthusiastic as students participate in lifelong learning. Additionally, students naturally gravitate to the most attractive mode of content delivery. The implementation of technological tools such as the laptop increases productivity. Students will develop a more positive attitude towards school and a more organized learning environment. Furthermore, students would be able to complete their work in a shorter period more effectively and efficiently.The laptop enables students to use productivity tools such as Microsoft office which includes word processors, spreadsheets, databases and power point presentations. â€Å"At institutions where technology are fully integrated into the teaching and learning process all students are able to create output using a word processor, spreadsh eet and presentation software. † according to the (Ministry of Education, 2005, p. 19) This essential program aids students in their assignments and teachers in their lesson planning. With the use of the laptop, they can construct and create documents in meetings or anywhere convenient.Productivity tools better prepare students for the workplace and foster creativity and innovation to benefit society. According to the (Minister of Education, the Honorable Hazel Manning 2007), â€Å"Let us seize this opportunity to use ICT across the curriculum. Utilize it for your lessons planning, utilize it for the delivery of your lessons. † Simulations are software that enhances learning and allows students to experience real world systems. This makes learning safe and provides students the opportunity to experience the impossible. The Ministry of Education has received funding from the World Bank to support education, but that ICT are not funded. A 2006 IDB grant of US$67,000 was m atched by US$45,000 from the government to jumpstart development of the country’s IT sector by increasing capacity in software development. † (Gaible & Trucano 2009 p. 66). Courses at the University level use simulations and other software to enhance the lesson and learning. If students are equipped with laptops in the classroom, they can utilize this software while the lesson is being delivered.Understanding of content is increased when students have access to this software. It compresses time, is cost effective and allows repetition so students can maximize learning. â€Å"Educational simulations have a number of advantages over other instructional methodologies and media. Students often find active participation in simulations to be more interesting, intrinsically motivating and closer to real world experiences than other learning modalities. † (Alessi, & Trollip, as cited in Lunce, 2006). The internet is another technological tool that fosters learning and is a predominant tool in classrooms.Laptops are equipped with Wi-Fi capabilities, which is a wireless function to connect to the internet. The internet is accessible in all educational institutions and is used in the classroom. Access to a pool of resources, use of course management systems (Blackboard), and e-mail are all primary reasons for internet connections especially for university students. The curriculum has been upgraded and assignments can be submitted online. â€Å"Internet Access will provide for further content. It makes available the vast knowledge and materials on the World Wide Web.Where possible and necessary, the Ministry of Education shall provide high speed Internet access to all its institutions. †(Ministry of Education, 2005, p. 31) If students are engaged in activities that requires research, they can access the internet from their laptops. Another predominant factor is that a student’s personal computer enables them to have their work at hand ins tead of using the school’s computer. Hence, any extra work that is done at school or during classes can be used when necessary at home. New information is presented every day and further research can always be done to better our understanding.Tons of books and numerous handouts are usual tedious tasks for University students. Not only do you look studious, nerds are your best competition as you move around fully loaded. Luckily, the introduction of laptops has diminished this challenging capacity to store and manage information. According to Carter (2006 p. 10), â€Å"The technology is used to help students think and communicate effectively. The computer is a tool. † Moreover, the University of Trinidad and Tobago has created a mission to â€Å"Go Green†, thus saving paper. This allows students to use online books and resources attainable from the features of a laptop.Random access memory allows for this convenient ability for students to move around with everyt hing at hand. Information can be added, modified or updated and even deleted. As time goes by, this collection of information can become frustrating since files may not be usable as it gets old or even misplaced. However, the laptop enables its users to data or information by naming each document or file and selecting its storage space for quick, easy retrieval. Students can store their notes for each class and retrieve them quickly when the teacher requests or mentions it.According to Dr. Abshire (as cited in Lewin, 2009), At Cienega High School, students who own laptops can register for digital sections of several English, history and science classes. They don’t engage with textbooks that are finite, linear and rote. Teachers need digital resources to find those documents, those blogs, those wikis that get them beyond the plain vanilla curriculum in the textbooks. In conclusion, â€Å"As the Ministry of Education becomes more students centered and ICT driven, we know that greater use must be made of the global currency of information. (Minister of Education, Senator the Honorable Hazel Manning, 2007) Students develop higher cognitive skills and improve collaborative skills with the introduction of ICT in the curriculum. At the university level, students are being educated and prepared for the workplace. Thus, an effective and efficient technological tool is the laptop. If students are allowed to laptops in the classroom, school would be more interesting and motivating as lifelong learning and training cannot be confined to the traditional classroom. References Gaible, E. ,& Trucano, M. (Eds. ). 2009). Survey of ICT and education in the Caribbean Volume II:Country reports. Washington, DC. Lewin, T. (2009 August 8). In a digital future, textbooks are history. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/08/09/education/09textbook. html? _r=1&pagewanted=all Lunce, L. (2006). Simulations: Bringing the benefits of situated learning to the traditional classroom. Journal of Applied Educational Technology, 3(1), 38. Manning, S. (2007). Ministry of Education, Illuminant and Hewlett Packard: Increasing the use of ICT in education.Newsday,p. A. 25 Ministry of Education. (2005, September). Draft policy for Information and Communications Technology in Education. Retrieved from http://www. moe. gov. tt/general_pdfs/moe_ict_policy. pdf The People’s Partnership. (2010, April), Prosperity for all manifesto. Retrieved from http://www. coptnt. com/ver03/media/peoples-manifesto-2010. pdf Trinidad and Tobago Computer Society. (2010). Laptops in schools programme. Retrieved from http://www. ttcsweb. org/articles/Laptops_in_Schools_Programme. pdf

Philosophy of life Essay

In the process of growing up, I have learned that there are an infinite ways to look at how you want to live life and how others live it. When I was young I allowed for my parents to control and greatly influence my beliefs and throughout the years I even allowed my friends to do so as well. Now that I am older I have very different views of life and am only influenced by one source. I’m sure that just like me others around the world also believe the same thing. Nowadays people can even get a degree in philosophy and interpret many ways on how humans should interpret the way we live and life itself and how it came about. Regarding what I have mentioned above, I think that now as a grown up I have lived many experiences in order to form my own philosophy of life. About 3 years ago I was introduced to the Seventh Day Adventist Church. I did research on everything I was being told and history itself proved the bible’s words to be true. I learned many things from the bible and I believe they have made me a better person because of the guidance it has taught me. I strongly believe that most of what is taught by the SDA church I can trust and apply it to my life. Most of it comes the word of God and that is why I feel I can trust it. God is the main source of the philosophy of life I have. The main thing I take from God is his commandments. I base the 10 main commandments he has given this world to my life every single day. I live by them and I like that they always help me out in feeling good about myself and just being good. In my life I have always felt the desire of spiritual growth but I could never find it especially not while I was in a church where the truth was hidden. Finally when I learned about God the way the SDA church taught it I knew I was ready to begin my spiritual growth. see more:personal philosophy of life I feel that by taking the values presented to me by God, I can be sure to live by them every single day of my life until I die. Many things have become clear to me and I’m not scared of what lies ahead in the future for me. I have learned to respect all cultures, religions, and beliefs. Although I may not accept them to be completely and entirely true, just as they would to me, I know that because of my own beliefs they also have the right to be free and believe what they want. I think free will is one of the main aspects of this philosophy and I analyze it every day I live by viewing the people around me. Since the beginning of time people have always had a choice whether to things one way or the other way. Even though there have been people trying to control that freedom, there could have been ways to prevent it merely by just choosing to go against them. I think that by understanding free will is why I am able to cope with others and be able to relate to them much more. Now that I go to a very diverse university I have realized that it is not so hard to live in harmony. I am okay with all these cultures and backgrounds that are found here at the university. Many of my friends here at Cal State are Muslim and follow Islam, a religion very different from mine and yet very similar in some ways. My Muslim friends have seen the way I view on how to live and before they knew I was a Christian believer, they assumed I was Muslim because of the way I lived my life. I think that because I base my life to live it the way God put it down to me is the philosophy most religions also want to follow. I’m glad that people can relate it to them and actually think my philosophy of life is very similar to them. Even though I don’t base my philosophical views on the peers around me I still feel I can easily relate to them. My values are solely based of God’s word and I do not mind the people who think I am obscured for doing that. This goes back to the concept of free will, they can either choose to accept it for good reasons or reject it for bad reasons. The future that I want with this philosophy is so that I can create a peaceful environment for me and those who also value the same philosophical views as me. So far I think I have been able to accomplish that with the peers around me. My friends also notice that because of my views I am able to be a better person. I think that this is the most important thing I could ever accomplish. With the believe that every person is prone to do evil in this world, being able to show people that I am a good person is amazing. The reason that I live a very good life right now encourages me to share the same philosophy to those of my friends who do not follow it. I understand that they can reject it and not want to even consider it. It is a tough thing to do but because we are all free to choose how to live our lives I am just satisfied that I can share the way I can live my life. I thank God every day for giving me the opportunity to live the way he wanted me to live. Every day that I live this way, I am sure that I am pleasing the only important being in my life which is God and is the one who gave it to me. God is the only important subject in my life and I wouldn’t want that to change at all. I love the way I live life and although I am not sure how long I will live, until its end I wish to live it this way. My philosophy of life lies within in the commandments of God and no one can ever change that, no matter how hard they try.

Levendary Cafe Case Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Levendary Cafe Case Assignment - Essay Example Numerous attempts to make him change his style yield no such results and another individual has to be taken to the office in China and ensure that he is implementing the changes being made by the management back in the US and monitor his work in the process. The other problem being faced is that of Chen being insubordinate towards the overall changes and order provided by the head CEO of the company. His attitude is what makes him have all these problems with sticking to the rules provided about the way to do business in China despite him being the head. It is these negative attitudes and the lack of subordination towards the CEO that is making questions to be raised about his future working in the company and whether a new manager should start being sought to replace him. The last problem that seems to be in existence in the China branch is that of financial reports. The Levendary Cafà © uses the GAAP format to make its reports so that they are all uniform and easy to translate but Chen seems rather resistant in adopting this system leaving the accountants in the US to have to carry out another set of extra work reading and changing the report to the format used which is international. As a result of the lack of properly recorded and provided financial reports, the mother branch is thinking of bringing in a financial analyst into the China branch to examine the books and explain whether this branch is making profits or not and to whether these profits can sustain expanding of the China branch as well. This analysis will determine Chen’s future with the company. The other alternative is to let Chen continue working on the China project despite his negative attitudes, insubordination and problems with the financial reporting but provide a new deadline to break even or be replaced. If Chen cannot accept a new deadline to be set for him or accept a financial analyst to be brought in to access the financial

Traditional Challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Traditional Challenge - Essay Example Most of the Organizations in China, after they get the right Guanxi, they minimizes the rate frustrations, disappointments, and risks in their businesses. Once an organization gets the right Guanxi through the required authority, Guanxi determines how long that business will last depending on the competition that exists in the business environment. Most of the risks that may encounter a business are reduced once you have the right Guanxi system at work for you. The right Guanxi is a key factor when it comes to a business in China.Guanxi sometimes can be demanding when it comes to resources and time. The resources needed and time required in establishing this network is worth the investment as everything else in the business becomes secure. In the current China’s situation, Guanxi is to be considered as an asset. Looking at how China is growing business wise, Guanxi system will be of high help as it minimizes the risks in business. China has got a different way of doing busines s that they only do business with the people that they trust; having the Guanxi system in place they increase the chances on being more successful in their businesses.Although sometimes Guanxi can be mistaken for corruption, relationships are better virtues when it comes to businesses. Guanxi is usually regarded legal in Chinese culture and it does not involve bribery in any way. Before conducting any business in China, having a good relationship with a partner in business will increase trust and this is what Guanxi comes about with.

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

International Business Strategy - Essay Example also factors related to consumer viewpoint in their willingness to sample new products with unknown new competitive players, based also on their traditional cultural values. These factors need to be considered prior to entering Spain as a viable profit opportunity. However, evidence provides that the growth rates in Spain associated with consumer willingness to purchase mobile products makes this a quality opportunity if new methods to undercut these values can be accomplished through marketing or other innovative communications methods. Spain represents a tremendous new market opportunity that is marked with sustained growth, despite problems that exist in labour shortages and the presence of a highly regulated labour market. It is recommended to pursue this strategy of expansion into the Spanish marketplace and improve long-term manufacturing and R&D capabilities in the process. Tiko Mobile Technology Limited is a mobile manufacturing product located in Cairo, Egypt. Tiko began manufacturing Network products in 1988 and produces its first mobile phone in 2002. Since then, Tiko Mobile Technology Ltd has produced many models that have faired well in most countries. Tiko has its own SMT line, R&D centre and Assembly Line that have been instrumental to its success in maintaining and cultivating long-term business relationships. The core business activities of the company include ODM (Original Design Manufacturing) and OEM and (Original Equipment Manufacturing) of mobile phones. Its brand name is TAMGO and has 485 employees. Its Annual Sales translates to $850,000 with an OEM capability of 160,000 per month. Currently, it has two major mobile phone products which include 3G mobile phones and GSM phones. Tiko believes in acting for better communication around the globe and for this, the company has invested in Assets and Human resource in order to give its client s the individual care needed. They believe in letting the client specify his unique needs and carefully

Not all Women experience oppression in a uniform way Research Paper

Not all Women experience oppression in a uniform way - Research Paper Example xperience, there is evidence that colored women have experienced the severest form of discrimination in countries such as Canada, and the White women are treated far much better. The history of gender disparities is historical and has punctuated the history of the world. Men have consistently resisted the struggle of women to take up senior positions within the community, and there is evidence that different societies have resisted differently. From this perspective, it is clear that different women have experienced oppression in different proportion and that men have been behind this ordeal. The idea that women are the enemies of their empowerment is acceptable to some extent but only contributes to a small proportion of the problems that women have encountered. Conventional politicians criticize the politics of sisterhood on different relative grounds. They argue that by encouraging women to identify their lives as shaped by patriarchal oppression, feminism has produced images of women being victims outside the forces which have consequently denied their critical involvement in most decision-making processes. Bacak (164) believes that by assimilating the differences between women into a sisterhood of common, shared experiences, power relations between women are under-theorized. Both limited and distorted analyzes of gender are in play. Convincingly, it is notable that contemporary feminists criticize the second wave of politics that promote women as victims (Crenwshaw, 2). The critique, in this case, frustrates the perceived inability of second wave feminists to explore and celebrate womens agency instead of presenting women entirely as victims of masculine prejudice. The critique stresses that women shared status as victims’ acts as a key rhetorical role in generating believes of unity and sisterhood. Nonetheless, Kirkland (89) notes a second wave of feminist driven ideology encourages a gender power relation predominantly altering the difference between men

DARWIN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DARWIN - Essay Example Reading through the book reveals that Darwin was aware of not only what the book would mean to others with regard to their values, but also with regard to his own religious beliefs. Drawing had all his adult life embarked on a research interests that would eventually lead to him have to denounce high faith. But it is not this that most affected him. Charles had friends not only within the scientific world but also in the religious realms. In fact, even those in the academia world were still not completely open to the idea of a scientific theory that ruled out the existence of God. It is probably due to this that Darwin is seen to be cautious with his worlds. Throughout the book, although Darwin is discussing a theory that does not have a place for omnipotent deity, he refrains from discussing this issue boldly and leaves from for the religious people to still see a place for a deity in the new understanding of things. In fact, it is not once that a religious academic claimed that eve n though they did agree that evolution was real, it was only indication that God had planned it, and created creations with the power to recreate themselves, and that this was an indication that God was even greater. Darwin deliberately left these grey areas in the book, including the subsequent editions, so that he would leave a room for those who would want to look at the issues in this way. The fact that Darwin also anticipated great criticism from those who would believe that his book was an attack on God can also be clearly seen in his choice for diction. Despite the fact that Darwin was a seasoned academic, he used diction that was less scientific and, as a way to appease those who would not necessarily completely like the idea of evolution where God does not have a place in the creation of people, and other species. In this regard, Darwin is seen using vocabulary such as beautiful, wonderful etc., as a way to connect with the religious people of the time. This can be seen in chapter one where Darwin (30) has used the term beautiful to describe a number of things. First, he describes the results of cross-breeding some birds as beautiful, describing a process which he used to cross-breed birds of different colours to produce a generation of beautiful birds. This use of the word beautiful may be seen as an appeal to the emotion, as opposed to appeal to mind. In this regard, Darwin did not use to appeal to the scientific and academic aide of the debate that would ensue, but to the moral debate that would follow the publication of his manuscript. It would seem that Darwin was trying, while introducing a controversial idea, to appeal to those who could not immediately accept his ideas. Darwin also probably hoped to talk directly to the lay person as opposed to only leaving other scholars to interpret his theory to the masses. Throughout the book, it is obvious that he understated that there would be a lot of politics around his book and hat most of the academ ics would attack his book not necessarily on principle, but to be politically correct. In this regarded Darwin chose to write in a language that would be easy to read, even buy the common person who did not have a lot of scientific knowledge. He believed that

Exercise Induced Asthma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Exercise Induced Asthma - Essay Example Asthma is chronic, or long term. (Exercise-Induced Asthma, 2006.) It is a condition of the lung and the main symptom is difficulty in breathing. The airways are extremely sensitive and when they are irritated, they react by narrowing or obstructing. As the air is restricted from moving, or circulating, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and shortness of breath are symptoms that result. Risk factors include lifestyle (location, the weather, diet, etc.), environmental (smoking, allergens, and pollutants, etc.), use of antibiotics, exposure in the workplace, and genetics. Sawicki and Dovey (2005) report, "Children with one asthmatic parent are 2.6 times more likely to have asthmaMaternal asthma appears to make a bigger contribution than paternal asthma to asthma in offspring; one study found a frequency of atopic manifestations (including atopic asthma) of 44 percent in children whose mothers had atopic asthma compared to only 25 percent of children whose fathers had atopic asthma." Factors that can exacerbate asthma include respiratory tract infections resulting from viruses, allergens (dust mites, pets, pollens, indoor contaminants, etc.), stress, and Last Name 3 exercise. Exercise is one of the most common triggers. When exercise triggers asthma attacks, this is known as exercise-induced asthma, or EIA. 7-10 percent of school children are affected by asthma and is a major reason for missed school days. There is twice the chance of low grade scores due to absence. When children miss school, parents also miss time at work. (The American Thoracic Society, Am J Respir Crit Care Med cites Dekker, Dales, Bartlett, et al, 1991; National Institutes of...30 percent of children under the age of two face incidences of wheezing and at this age, the incidences tend to peak at the ages of two and six months. allergens, and pollutants, etc.), use of antibiotics, exposure in the workplace, and genetics. Sawicki and Dovey (2005) report, "Children with one asthmatic parent are 2.6 times more likely to have asthmaMaternal asthma appears to make a bigger contribution than paternal asthma to asthma in offspring; one study found a frequency of atopic manifestations (including atopic asthma) of 44 percent in children whose mothers had atopic asthma compared to only 25 percent of children whose fathers had atopic asthma." Factors that can exacerbate asthma include respiratory tract infections resulting from viruses, allergens (dust mites, pets, pollens, indoor contaminants, etc.), stress, and 7-10 percent of school children are affected by asthma and is a major reason for missed school days. There is twice the chance of low grade scores due to absence. When children miss school, parents also miss time at work. (The American Thoracic Society, Am J Respir Crit Care Med cites Dekker, Dales, Bartlett, et al, 1991; National Institutes of Health Publication, 1995; Taylor and Newacheck, 1992.) Storms (2005) cite Hallstrand (2002), "9% of school children have EIA" and they cite ) and Rupp (1

English Paper on Sunday Morning and Swan and Shadow Essay

English Paper on Sunday Morning and Swan and Shadow - Essay Example The drifting of swam through water gives a pleasant feel to the readers as it takes a person to a place of peace where there is no complexity or fear. The way the writer of the poem has structured this poem reflects his creative skills and thoughts. The poem was written in the early 20th century and it shows that the poets of that time had a good sense of innovation and creativity. An interesting point in the poem is that the reflection of swam has not been shown as the reflection of the poem in the water. Had the writer done that, it would have produced a relatively ordinary feeling to the readers. The writer has continued the poem in the reflection instead of showing the reflection of text of the upper part of the poem. As far as the wording of the poem is concerned, there is not a smooth flow between them. At some points, the words do not seem to be joining with the next coming word but when a reader extracts the meaning of the whole sentence, the construction of words becomes logical. One cannot say that understanding the poem is easy because of the structure of sentences. A reader has to read the poem several times in order to get out of the Hollander’s frustrated and puzzled use of words and sentence construction. The structure of the poem makes it a bit difficult to read in a flow because the poem flows from the head of the swan to the neck and then shifts to the body part, which makes the reading somewhat difficult. A reader can question himself/herself whether he/she is reading the poem in a correct flow or there is some other way to read the poem correctly. Lack of periods and commas also make the reading of the poem more difficult than it actually appears to be. Continuously passing out memories and inadequacy of the memory to store the scenes form the theme of the poem. The writer might have tried to demonstrate that the world is not as simple as it appears to be. One has to go through various experiences of life to

Essay/ memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

/ memorandum - Essay Example People may disregard other health precautions such as healthy eating habits since they will have a remedy to old age in Sniurb 13. This may lead to deaths from several diseases contracted such as cancers and even dangerous viruses such as HIV/AIDS. Eventually, the state may end up spending more on the health of its citizens as a result of the introduction of Sniurb 13. The company should at all times be faithful to the ethics of marketing. This entails relaying only true and accurate information to the public. It will ensure the company remains within the legal parameters set by the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) before and after approval of the drug. Most importantly, the public must be reminded regularly the drug is still subject to approval by the Center of Drug Evaluation and Research under the FDA as the final authority. In addition, the company should inform the public that side effects have not been yet discovered but it is not the final position as side effects in drugs could occur well after 20 years of use. Sticking to marketing ethics and the law in the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Service Act will ensure the company moves forward whether the drug succeeds or

Binge Drinking Essay Example for Free

Binge Drinking Essay Currently, binge drinking has become a crucial issue in the UK, it causes many problems such as car accidents, underage drinking, health. Drinking alcohol is an acceptable activity in a positive way such as people celebrate their holiday or family day. However, it is not recommended binge drinking that means drink beverages over 8 units for men or 6 units for women regularly. (The Drinkaware Trust, 2012) Therefore, government tries to reduce the harm of alcohol by introducing minimum price of 40p per unit. ( BBC News, 2012) I suggest that the minimum price for alcohol is needed to be implemented because it can save lives, improve public health and stop drinking in long-term. This essay will discuss that the reasons why people binge drinking, the consequences of alcohol abuse and the pricing policy of the government. [Drinking is quite normal behaviour in the UK. For example, people usually work on weekdays, which they need to have leisure time to relax or go out with their friends, they might drink during this period. On the other hand, some people drink too much alcohol when they spend time in club or city centre. And another issue with drinking alcohol is that there are too many hazardous drinkers among the young generation in the UK. According to Mistral 2009, younger people has a high percentage increase in alcohol-related death at 57%. Furthermore, they drink more beverages than older people. (Mistral, 2009) There are many researchers suggest that binge drinking can be reduce by the pricing policy for alcohol. (Mistral, 2009) There are several causes of binge drinking. Firstly, most people spend their weekend in a pub or city centre with friends because they do not want to become a unsocial people, which means some of them went to the pub because peer pressure not volunteer, especially among young people. As Szmigin et al. (2007) suggest that they would like build friendship through drinking alcohol. Then another reason that cause people excess drinking is drinking culture and history. It has become an essential part of Britons drinking habit since Vikings period. Traditional drinking behaviour is not the only reason that cause people to drink. Thirdly reason is that the majority of heavy drinkers want to find the self confidence and depression. (Institute of Alcohol Studies, 2010) For instance, students face hard work in school, people who live in a terrible life condition or they want to reduce tension. Moreover, the supermarket always provides great price to drinkers such as buy one get one free by using advertisement, which is beneficial for moderate drinkers but not hazardous drinkers. Therefore, some people buy beverages because they are attracted by the low price. Turning to the consequence of heavy drinking, it causes many problems including physical and mental health problem. According to The Salvation Army 2000, there are two different types of physical including long and short-term risk of binge drinking. Keep abusing alcohol regularly for a long time can lead to brain damage, cancers or infertility. In comparison, drinking enormous beverages in a short period might cause car accidents and violence. In addition, short-term effect of alcohol often involves some violence, crime and road traffic accidents amongst younger people. (Salvation Army, 2000) There are many young people and busy worker likely to spend their pubs or club which create excess violence at midnight. Therefore, people are afraid to go to town centre at night. Follow this, there is a solution for this drinking issue that the UK government announced an alcohol price policy that is raising prices of 40p per unit in March, 2012. There are different argument from the cross-party group. They argue that minimum price for alcohol not really solve drinking problem because pricing policy just for the short-term influence not for the long-term phenomenon of binge drinking. (Triggle, 2012) Furthermore, it seems that this strategy quite unfair to the responsible drinkers who just want to have fun or relax in the local pub. (Woodhouse, 2012) On the other hand, Prime Minister estimate that this alcohol pricing strategy can lower hospital admissions because hazardous drinkers will stop to get drunk to get drunk at night and also reduce the affordability of young people, which will save lives and improving public health.( BBC News, 2012) Prime Minister David Cameron claims that there were one million violent crimes and 1.2 million hospital admissions associated with alcohol last year. Following this, he says that this pricing policy can reduce harmful levels of alcohol and the cost of hospitalization. (BBC News, 2012) Many researchers suggest that the raising price of alcohol can lower the consumption of wine, beer and spirits. In addition, there is a research shows that younger drinker, excess drinker and harmful drinker are likely to buy cheap alcohol item. (Mistral, 2009) Therefore, minimum price for alcohol is the best model in order to solving binge drinking issue in England. in conclusion, many reasons caused binge drinking such as peer pressure, self doubt. In particularly, this is general phenomenon among young people. There are wide range evidence show that problem such as health, economic and young generation associated with alcohol misuse. Many researchers have focused on the relative between the pricing and the consumption of alcohol. (Mistral, 2009) There are many authors show that minimum price can reduce the consumption of wine, beer and spirit in all age, especially among younger drinkers and excess drinkers who likely choose low price alcohol product. Therefore, this study has clearly illustrated the minimum price should be implemented.

Gordon Bennett Essay Example for Free

Gordon Bennett Essay The following contemporary artists both represent their works in a post-modern frame. Post-modern can include irony and paradox, appropriation and pastiche and intersexuality. Gordon Bennett and Fiona Hall fit into one of these categories. Bennett’s painting Outsider, Oil and acrylic on canvas, 1988 is a violent painting using appropriation of Vincent Van Gogh’s artwork, and the treatment of aboriginals in today’s society. Fiona Hall’s sculpture of the Nelumbo nucisera, lotus, elum, thamarei, aluminium and steel, 1999 is made up of a sardine tin rolled down revealing a bare stomach, and plant leaves. Bennett’s work can be seen as post-modern as Bennett takes Van Gogh’s famous images and recreates them in his own manner. Bennett’s painting Outsider, is a violent painting using appropriation of Vincent Van Gogh’s artwork Vincent’s Bedroom in Arles, 1888 and Starry Night, 1889, and the treatment of aboriginals in today’s society. He fits into the category of appropriation where he uses another’s work in a new context, with the intention of altering its meaning. He seizes copies and replaces the original imagery of Gough, by interpreting it in his own way. He uses cultural aspects of aboriginal art and is in search for meaning and identity. Bennett identifies with the world through people, events and issues involving the aboriginal people. His work is political about both Aboriginal and European-Australian history. It helps him and his people to redress the disparity between the two cultures. Many of his views about Aboriginal culture have been understandably formulated from a European perspective. His shocking, violent and traumatic work was painted while Bennett was still at art school. The painting raises many issues from Aboriginal deaths in custody to Bennett’s feeling of isolation. Frustration is also evident with the suggestion that it can lead people to suicide or self-mutilation, as in the case of both Van Gogh and the figure in the picture. The Aboriginal figure complete with ceremonial paint is frustrated and confused, that his head explodes, with blood whirling into Van Gogh’s turbulent sky. The classical heads with eyes closed, may relate to Europe, or the famous Greek marbled heads, blind to the consequences of its actions and unwilling to acknowledge the blood on its hands. They are humming or dreaming to block out the exploding head. Bennett figuratively displays his own dilemma of violently contested genealogies. The hands on the figure reach towards or draw away from the closed eyed heads on the bed. The red hands on the wall represent the hands of the ‘white’ people. It may suggest that the ‘white’ people are caught red handed by the way they react to the mutilated figure. The red in the painting is strong and contrasting with the other natural tones; the same red is taken from the bed cover, and used in the handprints on the wall and the blood on the wrists and neck of the figure. The window seems to be a window to the dark swirls of the night, which may represent death. The figure’s head is almost exploding into the dark metaphysical zone, here drawn from Starry Night. For Van Gogh the starry night was a forbidding of death and return to an ultimate peace for which he longed. Bennet seems to deliberately take on this same theme. The dots, dashes and roundels in Bennett’s starry night may suggest Western Desert Aboriginal paintings.

What are the effects of violent video games?

What are the effects of violent video games? Running Head: EXPOSURE TO VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES INCREASES AUTOMATIC AGGRESSIVENESS 1 INTRODUCTION Playing video games have become a hobby among people especially children and teenagers. Some video games are violent at the same time addictive and when they are played, there is an impact on the person playing the game. This has led some people to state that children become more aggressive after playing such games (Koop, 1982; Zimbardo, 1982). Parents nowadays have to sacrifice their time to monitor their children and to control the amount of time their children spend playing these video games. There are many types of new video games being introduced because of the popularity of these games and the number of players playing these games. Many researches have been conducted over the centuries about violent media and violent video games and the empirical evidence regarding the negative effects of violent video games and media is overwhelming. Violence has been a big issue in societies around the world for centuries and violence on the media causes violent behaviour among people. Findi ngs suggest that one way in which the violent media may influence behaviour is through the changes in a persons’ automatic self-concept. There were no researches on this done before. Therefore this research was carried out to find out the possibility. CONTENT This journal is about the effects of exposure to violent video games on automatic aggressiveness. A sample of 121 students were used in this research. Playing the violent video game Doom lead participants to associate themselves with aggressive traits and actions on the Implicit Association Test. In addition, self-reported prior exposure to violent video games predicted automatic aggressive self-concept, above and beyond self-reported aggression. Many researches have been conducted in the past regarding the effects of exposure to violent video games as well as violent television shows on aggressiveness and results show a positive correlation between the variables. According to a research, trait aggression as well as self-reported, peer reported and teacher reported aggressive behaviour correlates with exposure to violent television shows and video games (Anderson Dill, 2000; Singer Singer, 1983, 1986; Singer, Singer, Rapaczynski, 1984). Experimental studies as well as longitudinal studies have been carried out in the past. Experimental studies have shown that watching violent movie scenes on television and playing with violent video games increases aggressive behaviours such as delivering electric shocks and blasts of noise to another person (Anderson Dill, 2000; Anderson, &Murphy; Bartholow Anderson,2002; Bushman, 1998; Bushman Huesmann, 2001; Wood, Wong, Chachere, 1991), increases agressive expectations for others ( Bushman Anderson, 2002 ) and reduces prosocial behaviour ( Anderson Bushman, 2001 ). Longitudinal studies on the other hand have shown that watching violent television is one of the best predictors of future violent behaviours for example, criminal behaviour. (Huesmann, Eron, Lefkowitzb, Walder, 1973; Johnson, Cohen, Smailes, Kasen, Brook, 2002). What is not so clear and well understood is the mechanisms by which exposure to violent media increases aggressive behaviour. In addition to other influences, such as learning of aggressive values (Bandura, 1978; Bandura, Ross, Ross, 1963), current models (Huesmann, 1986; Berkowitz, 1990; Bushman, 1998; Anderson Bushman, 2002) assume that the mechanisms underlying the effects of violent media are often automatic in nature. According to Berkowitz (1990), violent media automatically causes aggressive thoughts and feelings. Anderson Dill (2002) pointed out that playing violent video games increases the automatic accessibility of aggressive traits and actions in one’s memory. When one is repeatedly being exposed to violent media, one’s aggressive thoughts and actions are easily accessible causing an increase in the likelihood that the person will behave aggressively especially when the person is being provoked or in a frustrated state. (Anderson Dill, 2000; Berkowitz, 1990; Bushman, 1998; Todorov Bargh, 2002). Besides, according to researches there will also be an influence on automatic relations with the self when one is exposed to violent media (Greenwald Banaji, 1995; Greenwald, McGhee, Schwartz, 1998; Todorov Bargh, 2002). Research involving the area of automatic social cognition on the other hand suggests that people’s cognitive associations with the self and other attitudes objects would mediate the relationship between their environment and their behaviours. (Bargh Chartrand, 1999; Greenwald Banaji, 1995; Todorov Bargh, 2002). Measures of these associations (Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, Williams,1995; Greenwald et al., 1998) are strong predictors of relevant judgments and behaviours, including the actions that discriminate members of social outgroups (Bessenoff Sherman, 2000; Dovidio, Kawakami, Johnson, Johnson, Howard, 1997; Fazio et al., 1995; Gawronski, Ehrenberg, Banse, Zukova, Klaur, 2003; McConnell Leibold, 2001; Rudman Glick, 2001) and psychological abuse of oneà ¢â‚¬â„¢s spouse (Zayas Shoda, 1999). According to this journal, exposure to violent media may exert an influence on one’s behaviour through changes in a person’s automatic self-concept. For example, the extent to which one associates the self with aggressive traits and actions. It is time this research is carried out because till date, there are no researches that have explored this possibility. This study investigated the relationship between exposure to violent media and the automatic self-concept on two levels. The first one was, can exposure to media, in this case the violent video game Doom in the laboratory temporarily change the extent to which people associate the self with aggression ? Second, does the extent to which a person plays with violent video games in their own life predict their automatic self-concept with regard to aggression, above and beyond self reported aggressiveness? Violent video games have the tendency to influence the player more and cause the player to learn aggressive scripts compared to violent television and movies (Anderson, 2002). In this study, 121 introductory psychology students took part in the experiment in return for course credit. 54 were males, 65 females and another 2 did not give an answer. All the participants were 18 years old and above. The materials used in this study were violent games,non-violent video game, implicit association test, feeling thermometers, semantic differentials, Buss and Perry aggression questionnaire and previous game exposure questionnaire. A popular 3d game, Doom was selected as the violent video game. The non-violent video games used was â€Å" Mahjongg : Clicks†, a puzzle game. The Implicit- Association Test ( IAT ) was used to measure the automatic aggressive self-concept. This test was developed by Greenwald (1998). The participants completed two feeling thermometer measures whereby they rated themselves on a scale from 0( not aggressive ) to 100 ( extremely aggressive ) and on the other one they rated â€Å"other people† on the same scale. They also rate d themselves and other people on three semantic differential scales and also completed the Buss and Perry (1992) Aggression Questionnaire to measure trait aggression. Besides, participants were also asked on their previous game exposure. All the participants were asked to play Doom or Mahjong for 10 minutes. They were then assessed using the IAT, feeling thermometers, semantic differentials, Buss and Perry Questionnaire and the previous game exposure questionnaire in a fixed order. This was the procedure conducted. Various results were found soon after that. Overall, participants associated themselves more with â€Å"Peaceful† than with â€Å"Aggressive† on the IAT. The more positive a person’s IAT score, the greater their association of Aggression with Self. A 2 (game condition : violent vs non violent ) Ãâ€" 2 ( gender ) ANOVA on participant’s IAT scores. Participants in the Doom game condition were more likely to automatically associate themselves with aggression than participants in the Mahjongg game condition and there seem to be no interaction between the participants’ gender and game condition. As hypothesised, playing violent video games did increase automatic aggressiveness and it applies to both males and females. However on the feeling thermometers, semantic differential measures and Buss and Perry measure, participants reported a low level of aggressiveness. The same was done whereby a 2 (game condition : violent vs non violent ) Ãâ€" 2 ( gender ) ANOVA on participants’ scores on the 3-self reported aggressiveness measures. The results gained from this was that there were no significant effects of game condition on the feeling thermometer measure, semantic differential measure and Buss and Perry scale. There were no gender effects on both feeling thermometer and differential measures but on the Buss and Perry scale, there was a significant gender difference whereby the score for aggressiveness for men were higher than for women. Overall, the results suggested that exposure to violent video games did not significantly influence the self-reported aggressiveness of both males and females. For the prior game exposure questionnaire, the results showed that more men played video games and spent more time playing violent video games compared to women. However, both these genders did not differ in their exposure to non violent video games. Both the IAT and the Buss and Perry scale were positively correlated with self-reported prior exposure to violent video games and neither correlated with prior exposure to non violent video games. The relationship between the measures and prior exposure to violent video games remained significant after controlling for game condition. Therefore, long term exposure to violent video games makes largely independent contributions to automatic and self-reported aggressiveness. The author came up with a good discussion about this research and several conclusions were drawn. Most people have the belief that exposure to violent media has no effect on them personally but they do believe that it has an effect on other people (Innes Zeitz, 1988). As a conclusion, in this study participants that played the violent video game, Doom for 10 minutes associated the self more with aggressive traits on the IAT. However, they did not associate self with aggressive traits on the other self-report measures. Thus, the findings suggest that the short term effects of game exposure on the self-concept in this study were strongest at an automatic level. It is easy to imagine how playing a violent video game could temporarily increase the accessibility of aggressive concepts, feelings, and thoughts through priming or spreading activation (Anderson Dill, 2000; Berkowitz, 1990; Bushman, 1998). There have been many correlation, experimental as well as longitudinal studies over the decades that suggest that exposure to violent media is a cause of aggressive behaviour (Bushman Anderson, 2001; Singer Singer, 1983). From the results of this study, it is found that violent media may also exert their effects through changes in automatic associations with the self. There will be several strengths as well as limitations when it comes to research. First, the critique will be on the strengths of this research. There are a few strengths that must be highlighted. The hypothesis and purpose of study of this research is clear and understandable. This is one plus point of this whole research because without a clear and proper purpose of study, the readers would not understand the whole research and what it is all about. Therefore, having a proper purpose of study in all researches is important. The purpose of study for this research was to examine the relationship between exposure to violent media, in this case the violent video game and the automatic self concept on two different levels as mentioned previously. This research is different from other research because this research focuses more on the self concept. Another strength of this research is that it provides cognitive awareness through its clear explanations in the discussion section of the research. According to social cognitive models, the self is a knowledge structure, organized as a network of associations (Greenwald et al., 2002). It provides a clear knowledge on how priming can increase the automatic accessibility of a possible self. There are other studies, Wheeler Petty, 2001 ; Blair Ma Lenton, 2001 that explains more on how priming increases the automatic accessibility of a possible self. Participants will gain more knowledge in the sense that they know and have an idea on what is actually going on and why they react in such ways. Therefore this research in other words will create awareness among people. Every research will have strengths as well as several limitations. The limitations of a research need to be pointed out so that future researchers would take the weaknesses into consideration when conducting their research. The first limitation identified in this research is that the researcher did not really get the expected results from the participants. There were no significant effects of game condition on the feeling thermometer measure, semantic differential measure and Buss and Perry scale. Therefore the first limitation of the study would be the self report measures. Several other studies for example Rushbrook (1986) have measured the aggression using self reports. The problem with the research is that the correlational evidence is not so convincing and sometimes the observed positive correlations may not only be due to aggressive individuals having a greater desire for video games. It can be due to other factors such as low educational level or low socioeconomic status. Vid eo games studies with better methods typically yield greater effects, suggesting that heightened concern about harmful effects of exposure to violent video game is warranted. Another limitation would be health issues of the participants were not taken into consideration during the experiment. For example, when one plays violent video games, some biological processes occur inside the person’s body. This could be dangerous. A study carried out by Lynch (1994) proposed that playing video games with violent content would produce greater cardiovascular responses. Besides, exposing one to violent video game is not good even if it was for an experiment purpose. Researchers in the British Journal Nature (1998) reported that the brain releases a hormone called dopamine when one is playing video games. Dopamine is a pleasure chemical hormone. Those exposed to these video games then tend to get addicted to it. It can be addictive even if exposed once. New brain research (Bartholow, Bushman Sestir, 2006) stated that violent video game players are showing less healthy development, brain tend to be more response to real-life violence such as gun attacks and th at those with these less empathic brain responses were more likely behave aggressively in the laboratory. Future researches should take this seriously before conducting any kind of experiments. It would be better if surveys on consumption of violent video games are used rather than carrying out experiments. CONCLUSION Although previously there have been many researches on violent video games from many aspects, this research showed something new. According to this research, there is a relationship between exposure to violent video games and the automatic self-concept. Therefore, it is proven that exposure to violent video games increases one’s automatic aggressiveness. Video games are not always bad. It depends on what video game one is playing. There are video games that are quite beneficial that can be used as training aids in classrooms and therapeutic settings. Violent video games on the other hand definitely have negative effects and causes aggression among children and teenagers. There are many different types of violent video games that which probably have different effects. Therefore researchers should carry out more studies to find out all the different effects caused by playing violent video games. Future studies perhaps could use more surveys instead of experiments because experi ments sometimes could be quite harmful if certain measures and precautions are not taken into consideration. This journal is quite useful in the sense that it gives a lot of information to readers about this new aspect of violent video games that never have been studied before. Studies such as this would create awareness among people and hopefully would have an impact on them as well. Such researches are carried out with the aim that somehow or the other the information and results that the researchers have found could help people for example reduce the amount of consumption of violent video games in the future. REFERENCES Uhlmann, E, Swanson, J. (2003). Exposure to violent video games increases automatic Aggressiveness. Journal of Adolescence. Retrieved from, http://www.lionlamb.org/research_articles/study 3.pdf Carnagey, N.L ., Anderson, C.A ., Bushman, B.J. ( 2007 ). The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real-life violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Retrieved from, http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/faculty/caa/abstracts/2005-2009/07CAB.pdf Griffiths, M.(1998). Violent video games and aggression : A review of the literature. Retrieved from, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359178997000554 Hasan, Y. , Begue, L. , Scharkow, M., Bushman, B.J. (2013) The more you play, the more aggressive you become: A long-term experimental study of cumulative violent video game effects on hostile expectations and aggressive behaviour. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.Retrieved from, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103112002259

The Mighty Wedge of Class :: essays research papers fc

Mighty Wedge of Class by Todd Erkel Class is a curious, almost elusive thing. It makes rare appearances now and then in talk of the economy and such or in more heated academic debates, but rarely in private. It seems American pretty much avoid the subject at every opportunity by attempting to deny that these class divisions between people exist. But the stark reality is that class structures in America create the very nature of society, setting the hierarchical framework on which every American maintains an identity. This identity is often easily defined by economic standing or material wealth. But it can’t be that easy. As R. Todd Erkel seems to imply in his essay, "The Mighty Wedge of Class," which explores his working-class background, "class" is largely a construction of environment, while money factors little. But does it? Careful analysis of his essay shows that, although the cultural environment of a class, particularly the influence of parents and education, are important factors in d etermining one’s class, it is clear that money essentially determines and ultimately defines one’s class status in American society. Although Erkel presents evidence that the culture into which one is raised influences one’s future class status, he clearly suggests that it is essentially the possession of money that constructs this culture. His experience of growing up in a working class environment made him familiar with the general environment of the working class culture, particularly the behavior of those around him, especially his parents. However, this common behavior among the working class is largely shaped, if not determined, by common financial status. It is his parents’ status of low wealth in society that causes this behavior. He notes that, "the message received by children whose parents have battled with the world and come away feeling defeated is that they are better off not even trying." Erkel’s parents are one of many who try to make it financially in this "land of opportunity," but fail to achieve great wealth, fail to land the jobs that could elevate thei r status to one of high economic standing; thus, they are "willing to settle." Implied by his parents’ example is that the inability to find success financially in life shapes the common lifestyle of the working class and way of approaching life, particularly behavior. This behavior, the appearance of low wealth, creates and perpetuates the culture of the working class. Erkel was naturally influenced by this and learned to imitate this appearance. The Mighty Wedge of Class :: essays research papers fc Mighty Wedge of Class by Todd Erkel Class is a curious, almost elusive thing. It makes rare appearances now and then in talk of the economy and such or in more heated academic debates, but rarely in private. It seems American pretty much avoid the subject at every opportunity by attempting to deny that these class divisions between people exist. But the stark reality is that class structures in America create the very nature of society, setting the hierarchical framework on which every American maintains an identity. This identity is often easily defined by economic standing or material wealth. But it can’t be that easy. As R. Todd Erkel seems to imply in his essay, "The Mighty Wedge of Class," which explores his working-class background, "class" is largely a construction of environment, while money factors little. But does it? Careful analysis of his essay shows that, although the cultural environment of a class, particularly the influence of parents and education, are important factors in d etermining one’s class, it is clear that money essentially determines and ultimately defines one’s class status in American society. Although Erkel presents evidence that the culture into which one is raised influences one’s future class status, he clearly suggests that it is essentially the possession of money that constructs this culture. His experience of growing up in a working class environment made him familiar with the general environment of the working class culture, particularly the behavior of those around him, especially his parents. However, this common behavior among the working class is largely shaped, if not determined, by common financial status. It is his parents’ status of low wealth in society that causes this behavior. He notes that, "the message received by children whose parents have battled with the world and come away feeling defeated is that they are better off not even trying." Erkel’s parents are one of many who try to make it financially in this "land of opportunity," but fail to achieve great wealth, fail to land the jobs that could elevate thei r status to one of high economic standing; thus, they are "willing to settle." Implied by his parents’ example is that the inability to find success financially in life shapes the common lifestyle of the working class and way of approaching life, particularly behavior. This behavior, the appearance of low wealth, creates and perpetuates the culture of the working class. Erkel was naturally influenced by this and learned to imitate this appearance.

Language in Dante’s Inferno Essay -- Divine Comedy Inferno Essays

Language in Dante’s Inferno What happens to language in hell? In Dante’s Inferno, the journeying pilgrim explores language’s variations and nuances as he attempts to communicate with hell’s pitiable and sordid inhabitants, despite multiple language barriers and relentless cacophonies. Dante thematically unifies language’s inconsistencies in hell; that is, he associates the pilgrim’s abortive attempts to communicate with particular shades, and the incomprehensible languages and sounds that beleaguer him, with a symbol from Christian mythology: the Tower of Babel. Dante juxtaposes this Christian myth with Virgil’s symbolic association with elevated speech in the Inferno. Virgil functions as the pilgrim’s guide and poetic inspiration, and despite his position in hell as a pagan, Virgil still transmits divinely-inspired language to his pupil. Thus, notwithstanding his amorphous physicality as a shade in hell, Virgil represents lucidity and focused thought, which comf orts the pilgrim and provides a reprieve from hell’s dissonant sounds. Ultimately, the pilgrim’s relationship to language is multifarious: it enables the pilgrim to connect with Virgil and discover his place in the tradition of famous poets through divinely-inspired and intimate speech; yet, it isolates and horrifies him when it is incomprehensible, amplifying his individual suffering; thus, ultimately drawing him closer to his understanding of the shades’ own torture. Virgil’s enlightened language spawns partially from Beatrice, a divine inhabitant of heaven, who worries about the well-being of the pilgrim, and partially from his status in a long tradition of famous poets, beginning with Homer. Yet, despite Virgil’s association with enlightened and elevated ... ... His relationship to Virgil is enriched by their similar relationship to language as poets, and by the challenge of creating a poetic legacy on earth that counters the legacy of the tower of Babel in hell. Ultimately, the pilgrim’s desire reflects the reality of Dante’s own legacy, one that is immeasurably influential. Works Cited Alighieri, Dante. The Inferno. Vol 1. Trans. Robert M. Durling. New York: Oxford UP, 1996. Barolini, Teodolinda. Dante’s Poets: Textuality and Truth in the Comedy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984. Dronke, Peter. Dante and Medieval Latin Traditions. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986. Durling, Robert M., Ronald L. Martinez. Notes. The Inferno. Vol 1. By Dante Alighieri. Trans. Robert M. Durling. New York: Oxford UP, 1996. Eco, Umberto. Art and Beauty in the Middle Ages. Trans. Hugh Bredin. New Haven, CT.: Yale UP, 1986.

Hong Kongindia Command and Market Economies :: essays papers

Hong Kongindia Command and Market Economies The world is run with economic systems. Two of these economic systems are the market economy and the command economy. These economic systems both greatly differ and are similar in there ways of controling the factors of production, ownership, and their incentives for efficient production. An area of the world that has a command economy is India. The government controls and makes decisions with the factors of production. The factors of production are the resources used to produce goods and services, such as lonad, labor and capital. Within these socialist areas, there is no presence of motivation, a very important factor in an economy. This is because no matter what they do for their economy, everyboyd will recieve the same pay. For example, a doctor would get paid the same amount as a dishwasher.This creates unmotivation because there is nowhere to progress to. People don’t want to work hard for the same pay as someone who doesn’t. Also, since the government controls the factors of production, and not the individual consumers themselves, it is impossible for the few in power to know the many needs, and conditions of resource availability, within the whole economy. Therefore, many things of importance are not recognized, or over looked and the economy and people suffer from the loss. It is present in these areas of socialism that many of the people suffer from poverty because of this economic system. Hong Kong used to be a command economy. Hong Kong was very poor. This poor area quickly changed over the years into a very prosporous place. This is due to it’s change to the market economy. Hong Kong is also the freest of economies. The United states of america also has a market economy. In a market economy, or free enterprise economy, the individuals own the factors of productin, and make the decisions with them. This is unlike the command econly becaues their government controls the factors of production. The market economy is more effiecent because the individuals decide for themselves how to answer economic questions, looking out for their own personal best interest. This creates motivation, in which the command economy lacks. Entreprenurs also play a large roll in the economy. In Hong Kong, it is extremely easy to start your own business.

Physics Lab Safety Booklet Example Essay

Why Is Laboratory Safety Important? Lab Safety is important because a safe work space, is a productive work space. When everyone follows all rules and regulations the assignment will get done and no one will be hurt. Some of the chemicals and substances can be harmful if used incorrectly, so there all certain ways we protect ourselves. Lab Safety Symbols This is the fire symbol, it means something is flammable. So keep it away from flames or it will catch on fire. This symbol is for toxic or poisonous chemicals. Safety procedures are to protect you and others also in the lab. Safety Symbols continued The symbol below means that a chemical or substance is corrosive, which means that is can cause visible disintegration of human tissue or any other substances or materials it may come in contact with. These two symbols mean that a substance or a chemical have dangerous fumes. Those fumes will harm you if inhaled. These three symbols are the different types of radioactive symbols you might see. Radioactive waste can harm both humans and the environment, so handle with care. Lab Safety Equipment These are goggles, they are use to protect the eyes. Gloves (below) are used to protect the hands. ï ¿ ¼Safety Equipment cont. This is a lab apron. It is used to protect the clothing from spills, chemicals or substances that might go through the clothes and damage skin. ï ¿ ¼ Measuring Instruments This is a triple beam balance. It measures mass in grams. This is a graduated cylinder, it measures volume in milliliters. This is a ruler, it measures length in both centimeters and inches. ï ¿ ¼Safety Rules This is a fire blanket, it is used when a persons hair or article of clothing catches fire. This is a safety shower with an eye wash station built in. If you ever get anything in your eyes, go swiftly over to the eye wash station , turn in on and hold open your eyelids and let keep using it for 15 to 20 minutes.

Separation of Eddy Current and Hysteresis Losses

Laboratory narproportionn Assignment N. 2 Sepa proportionalityn of gyrate Current and Hysteresis detrimentes Instructor figure Dr. Walid Hubbi By Dante Castillo Mordechi Dahan Haley Kim November 21, 2010 ECE 494 A -102 Electrical engineering Lab Ill turn off of marrows Objectives3 Equipment and partiallys4 Equipment and parts ratings5 Procedure6 Final Connection Diagram7 selective information Sheets8 Computations and Results10 Curves14 Analysis20 Discussion27 Conclusion28 Appendix29 Bibliography34 ObjectivesInitially, the purpose of this laboratory test was to divert the eddy- true and hysteresis t ane endinges at various frequencies and run densities utilizing the Epstein loading departure Testing equipment. However, referable to technical knottyies encountered when development the watt-meters, and time constraints, we were futile to finish the prove. Our prof ac sack outledging the fact that it was non our fault changed the objective of the experiment to the s ide by side(p) * To by experimentation determine the evocation respect of an inductance with and with fall egress a charismatic hol execrable. * To experimentally determine the total prejudice in the plaza of the transformer.Equipment and protrudes * 1 low-power-factor (LPF) watt-meter * 2 digital multi-meters * 1 Epstein piece of foot race equipment * Single- variant variac Equipment and parts ratings Multimeters Alpa 90 Series Multimeter APPA-95 successive No. 81601112 WattmettersHampden work ACWM-100-2 Single-phase variac rive bit B2E 0-100 Model N/A (LPF) Watt-meter Part Number 43284 Model PY5 Epstein test equipment Part Number N/A Model N/A Procedure The number for this laboratory experiment consists of two phases A. Watt-meters trueness determination -Recording applied electromotive force -Measuring current flow into test lap diagramting relational flaw vs. electric potential applied B. last of initiation survey for induction w/ and w/o a magnetized meat -Measuring the resistance range of the inductor -Recording applied voltages and measuring current flowing into the circuit If part A of the higher up described procedure had been happy, we would have followed the pastime set of instructions 1. Complete submit 2. 1 use (2. 10) 2. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 2. 1 3. Connect the power supply from the bench panel to the INPUT of the single phase variac and connect the OUTPUT of the variac to the circuit. 4.Wait for the teacher to queue the relative oftenness and maximum output voltage available for your panel. 5. Adjust the variac to obtain voltages Es as reckon in circuit card 2. 1. For each applied voltage, beatnik and show Es and W in put back 2. 2. The above sets of instructions pass water references to the manual of arms of our course. Final Connection Diagram experience 1 Circuit for Epstein issue deprivation test set-up The above diagrams were obtained from the section that describes the experi ment in the student manual. information Sheets Part 1 by experimentation ascertain the inductor Value of Inductor send back 1 Measurements obtained without magnetised meatInductor Without charismatic marrow squash V V I A Z ohm P W 20 1. 397 14. 31639 27. 94 10 0. 78 12. 82051 7. 8 15 1. 067 14. 05811 16. 005 Table 2 Measurements obtained with magnetized core Inductor With magnetized philia V V I A Z ohm P W 10. 2 0. 188 54. 25532 1. 9176 15. 1 0. 269 56. 13383 4. 0619 20 0. 35 57. 14286 7 Part 2 Experimentally Determining buttones in the message of the Epstein Testing Equipment Table 3 totality ask data provided by instructor f=30 Hz f=40 Hz f=50 Hz f=60 Hz Bm Es Volts W Watts Es Volts W Watts Es Volts W Watts Es Volts W Watts 0. 20. 8 1. 0 27. 7 1. 5 34. 6 3. 0 41. 5 3. 8 0. 6 31. 1 2. 5 41. 5 4. 5 51. 9 6. 0 62. 3 7. 5 0. 8 41. 5 4. 5 55. 4 7. 4 69. 2 11. 3 83. 0 15. 0 1. 0 51. 9 7. 0 69. 2 11. 5 86. 5 16. 8 103. 6 21. 3 1. 2 62. 3 10. 4 83. 0 16. 2 103. 8 22. 5 124. 5 33. 8 Table 4 work out set of Es for diametrical value of Bm Es=1. 73*f*Bm Bm f=30 Hz f=40 Hz f=50 Hz f=60 Hz 0. 4 20. 76 27. 68 34. 6 41. 52 0. 6 31. 14 41. 52 51. 9 62. 28 0. 8 41. 52 55. 36 69. 2 83. 04 1 51. 9 69. 2 86. 5 103. 8 1. 2 62. 28 83. 04 103. 8 124. 56 Computations and ResultsPart 1 Experimentally Determining the Inductance Value of Inductor Table 5 Calculating value of inductances with and without magnetized core Calculating Inductances Resistance ohm 2. 50 Impedence w/o Magnetic Core (mean) ohm 13. 73 Impedence w/ Magnetic Core (mean) ohm 55. 84 Reactance w/o Magnetic Core ohm 13. 50 Reactance w/ Magnetic Core ohm 55. 79 Inductance w/o Magnetic Core henry 0. 04 Inductance w/ Magnetic Core henry 0. 15 The values in Table 4 were calculated using the following formulas Z=VI Z=R+jX X=Z2-R2 L=X2 60 Part 2 Experimentally Determining firinges in the Core of the Epstein TestingEquipment Table 5 numeration of hysteresis and Eddy-current mischiefes Table 2. 3 Data Sheet for Eddy-Current and Hysteresis divergencees f=30 Hz f=40 Hz f=50 Hz f=60 Hz Bm cant over y-intercept Pe W Ph W Pe W Ph W Pe W Ph W Pe W Ph W 0. 4 0. 0011 -0. 0021 1. 01 0. 06 1. 80 0. 08 2. 81 0. 10 4. 05 0. 12 0. 6 0. 0013 0. 0506 1. 19 1. 52 2. 12 2. 02 3. 31 2. 53 4. 77 3. 03 0. 8 0. 0034 0. 0493 3. 07 1. 48 5. 46 1. 97 8. 53 2. 47 12. 28 2. 96 1. 0 0. 0041 0. 1169 3. 72 3. 51 6. 62 4. 68 10. 34 5. 85 14. 89 7. 01 1. 2 0. 0070 0. 1285 6. 6 3. 86 11. 12 5. 14 17. 38 6. 43 25. 02 7. 71 Table 6 numeration of carnal knowledge error mingled with measure core red and the uniting of the calculated hysteresis and Eddy-current losses at f=30 Hz W=Pe+Ph f=30 Hz W Watts Pe Watts Ph Watts Pe+Ph Rel. Error 1. 0 1. 0125 0. 0625 1. 075 7. 50% 2. 5 1. 1925 1. 5174 2. 7099 8. 40% 4. 5 3. 069 1. 479 4. 548 1. 07% 7. 0 3. 7215 3. 507 7. 2285 3. 26% 10. 4 6. 255 3. 855 10. 11 2. 79% Table 7 Calculation of relative error between measure core loss and the sum of the calculated hy steresis and Eddy-current losses at f=40 HzW=Pe+Ph f=40 Hz W Watts Pe Watts Ph Watts Pe+Ph Rel. Error 1. 5 1. 8 0. 0833 1. 8833 25. 55% 4. 5 2. 12 2. 0232 4. 1432 7. 93% 7. 4 5. 456 1. 972 7. 428 0. 38% 11. 5 6. 616 4. 676 11. 292 1. 81% 16. 2 11. 12 5. 14 16. 26 0. 37% Table 8 Calculation of relative error between measure core loss and the sum of the calculated hysteresis and Eddy-current losses at f=50 Hz W=Pe+Ph f=50 Hz W Watts Pe Watts Ph Watts Pe+Ph Rel. Error 3. 0 2. 8125 0. 1042 2. 9167 2. 78% 6. 0 3. 3125 2. 529 5. 8415 2. 64% 11. 3 8. 525 2. 465 10. 99 2. 1% 16. 8 10. 3375 5. 845 16. 1825 3. 39% 22. 5 17. 375 6. 425 23. 8 5. 78% Table 9 Calculation of relative error between measure core loss and the sum of the calculated hysteresis and Eddy-current losses at f=60 Hz W=Pe+Ph f=60 Hz W Watts Pe Watts Ph Watts Pe+Ph Rel. Error 3. 8 4. 05 0. 125 4. 175 11. 33% 7. 5 4. 77 3. 0348 7. 8048 4. 06% 15. 0 12. 276 2. 958 15. 234 1. 56% 21. 3 14. 886 7. 014 21. 9 3. 06% 33. 8 25. 02 7. 71 32. 73 3. 02% Curves introduce 1 spot ratio vs. absolute oftenness for Bm=0. 4 look-alike 2 forefinger ratio vs. absolute oftenness for Bm=0. 6 come across 3 motive ratio vs. relative absolute frequence for Bm=0. 8 strain 4 bureau ratio vs. absolute frequency for Bm=1. 0 invention 5 bureau ratio vs. frequency for Bm=1. 2 shape 6 Plot of the lumber of normalized hysteresis loss vs. record of magnetic flux density Figure 7 Plot of the pound of normalized Eddy-current loss vs. lumber of magnetic flux density Figure 8 Plot of Kg core loss vs. frequency Figure 9 Plot of hysteresis power loss vs. frequency for varied values of Bm Figure 10 Plot of Eddy-current power loss vs. frequency for different values of Bm Analysis Figure 11 one-dimensional salvo by dint of power frequency ratio vs. requency for Bm=0. 4 The plat in Figure 6 was fixd using Matlabs curve engagement tool. In addition, in order to obtain the rightful(a) line displayed in figure 6, an excision rule was created in which the data points in the middle were give the axed. The huckster and the y-intercept of the line atomic number 18 p1 and p2 respectively. y=mx+b fx=p1x+p2 m=p1=0. 001125 b=p2=-0. 002083 Figure 12 one-dimensional fit through power frequency ratio vs. frequency for Bm=0. 6 The plot in figure 7 was generated in the same manner as the plot in figure 6. The slope and y-intercept obtained for this case argon m=p1=0. 001325 b=p2=0. 5058 Figure 13 Linear fit through power frequency ratio vs. frequency for Bm=0. 8 For the ana lumberue fit displayed in figure 8, no elision was used. The data points were well behaved consequently the exclusion was not essential. The slope and y-intercept argon the following m=p1=0. 00341 b=p2=0. 0493 Figure 14 Linear fit through power frequency ratio vs. frequency for Bm=1. 0 The use of exclusions was not necessary for this particular fit. The slope and y-intercept ar listed beneath m=p1=0. 004135 b=p2=0. 1169 Figur e 15 Linear fit through power frequency ratio vs. frequency for Bm=1. 2The use of exclusions was not necessary for this particular fit. The slope and y-intercept are listed below m=p1=0. 00695 b=p2=0. 1285 Figure 16 Linear fit through log (Kh*Bmn) vs. log Bm For the plot in figure 11, exclusion was created to ignore the value in the bottom left field corner. This was done because this value was negative which implies that the hysteresis loss had to be negative, and this result did not make horse sense. The slope of this straight line represents the king n and the y intercept represents log(Kh). b=logKhKh=10b=10-1. 014=0. 097 n=m=1. 554 Figure 17 Linear fit through log (Ke*Bm2) vs. og Bm No exclusion rule was necessary to perform the linear fit through the data points. b=logKeKe=10b=0. 004487 Discussion 1. Discuss how eddy-current losses and hysteresis losses can be reduced in a transformer core. To reduce eddy-currents, the armature and field cores are constructed from laminated s teel sheets. The laminated sheets are insulated from one some other so that current cannot flow from one sheet to the other. To reduce hysteresis losses, most DC armatures are constructed of heat-treated silicon steel, which has an inherently low hysteresis loss. . Using the hysteresis loss data, compute the value for the constant n. n=1. 554 The details of how this argument was computed are under the analysis section. 3. justify why the wattmeter voltage coil moldiness be connected across the alternate winding terminals. The watt-meter voltage coil must be connected across the secondary winding terminals because the whole purpose of this experiment is to measure and separate the losses that hail in the core of a transformer, and connecting the capableness coil to the secondary is the only manner of measuring the loss.Recall that in an ideal transformer P into the elementary is equal to P out of the secondary, but in reality, P into the primary is not equal to P out of the secondary. This is due to the core losses that we want to measure in this experiment. Conclusion I believe that this laboratory experiment was sure-fire because the objectives of both part 1 and 2 were fulfilled, namely, to experimentally determine the inductance value of an inductor with and without a magnetic core and to separate the core losses into Hysteresis and Eddy-current losses.The inductance values were determined and the values obtained make sense. As expected the inductance of an inductor without the addition of a magnetic core was less than that of an inductor with a magnetic core. Furtherto a greater extent, part 2 of this experiment was successful in the sense that after our professor provided us with the necessary measurement values, substantive data analysis and calculations were made possible. The data obtained using matlabs curve fitting toolbox made physical sense and allowed us to plot several ask graphs.Even though analyzing the first set of values our prof essor provided us with was very difficult and time consuming, after receiving an email with more detailed information on how to disassemble the data provided to us, we were able to get the put-on done. In addition to fulfilling the goals of this experiment, I consider this laboratory was even more of a success because it provided us with the opportunity of using matlab for data analysis and visualization. I know this is a valuable skill to ascendency over. Appendix Matlab Code used to generate plots and the linear fits %% specify range of variables Bm=0. 4. 21. % Maximum magnetic flux density f=301060 % range of frequencies in Hz Es1=20. 8 31. 1 41. 5 51. 9 62. 3 % bring forth voltage on the secundary 30 Hz Es2=27. 7 41. 5 55. 4 69. 2 83. 0 % Induced voltage on the secundary 40 Hz Es3=34. 6 51. 9 69. 2 86. 5 103. 8 % Induced voltage on the secundary 50 Hz Es4=41. 5 62. 3 83. 0 103. 6 124. 5 % Induced voltage on the secundary 60 Hz W1=1 2. 5 4. 5 7 10. 4 % causality loss i n the core 30 Hz W2=1. 5 4. 5 7. 4 11. 5 16. 2 % male monarch loss in the core 40 Hz W3=3 6 11. 3 16. 8 22. % Power loss in the core 50 Hz W4=3. 8 7. 5 15. 0 21. 3 33. 8 % Power loss in the core 60 Hz W=W1 W2 W3 W4 % Power loss for all frequencies W_f1=W(1,). /f % Power to frequency ratio for Bm=0. 4 W_f2=W(2,). /f % Power to frequency ratio for Bm=0. 6 W_f3=W(3,). /f % Power to frequency ratio for Bm=0. 8 W_f4=W(4,). /f % Power to frequency ratio for Bm=1 W_f5=W(5,). /f % Power to frequency ratio for Bm=1. 2 %% Generating plots of W/f vs frequency for diffrent values of Bm Plotting W/f vs. frequency for Bm=0. 4 plot(f,W_f1,rX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel( absolute frequency Hz) ylabel(Power dimension W/Hz) control power systemiron on title(Power proportion vs. oftenness For Bm=0. 4) % Plotting W/f vs. frequency for Bm=0. 6 figure(2) plot(f,W_f2,rX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel( relative frequency Hz) ylabel(Power ratio W/Hz) storage-battery power control football field on title( Power balance vs. relative frequency For Bm=0. 6) % Plotting W/f vs. frequency for Bm=0. 8 figure(3) plot(f,W_f3,rX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel( absolute frequency Hz) ylabel(Power Ratio W/Hz) grid on title(Power Ratio vs. frequency For Bm=0. 8) % Plotting W/f vs. frequency for Bm=1. figure(4) plot(f,W_f4,rX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel( frequence Hz) ylabel(Power Ratio W/Hz) grid on title(Power Ratio vs. Frequency For Bm=1. 0) % Plotting W/f vs. frequency for Bm=1. 2 figure(5) plot(f,W_f5,rX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Power Ratio W/Hz) grid on title(Power Ratio vs. Frequency For Bm=1. 2) %% Obtaining Kh and n b=-0. 002083 0. 05058 0. 0493 0. 1169 0. 1285 % b=Kh*Bmn log_b=log10(abs(b)) % calculation the log of magnitude of b( y-intercept) log_Bm=log10(Bm) % Computing the log of Bm Plotting log(Kh*Bmn) vs. log(Bm) figure(6) plot(log_Bm,log_b,rX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(log(Bm)) ylabel(log(Kh*Bmn)) grid on title(logarithm of Normalized Hysteresis passing play vs. put down of Magn etic Flux density) %% Obtaining Ke m=0. 001125 0. 001325 0. 00341 0. 004135 0. 00695 % m=Ke*Bm2 log_m=log10(m) % Computing the log of m% Plotting log(Ke*Bm2) vs. log(Bm) figure(7) plot(log_Bm,log_m,rX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(log(Bm)) ylabel(log(Ke*Bm2)) grid on title(Log of Normalized Eddy-Current disadvantage vs. Log of Magnetic Flux parsimony) % Plotting W/10 vs. frequency at different values of Bm PLD1=W(1,). /10 % Power qualifying assiduity for Bm=0. 4 PLD2=W(2,). /10 % Power freeing Density for Bm=0. 6 PLD3=W(3,). /10 % Power Loss Density for Bm=0. 8 PLD4=W(4,). /10 % Power Loss Density for Bm=1. 0 PLD5=W(5,). /10 % Power Loss Density for Bm=1. 2 figure(8) plot(f,PLD1,rX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Power Loss Density W/Kg) grid on title(Power Loss Density vs. Frequency) old plot(f,PLD2,bX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Power Loss Density W/Kg) grid on title(Power Loss Density vs. Frequency) plot(f,PLD3,kX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel (Power Loss Density W/Kg) grid on title(Power Loss Density vs. Frequency) plot(f,PLD4,mX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Power Loss Density W/Kg) grid on title(Power Loss Density vs. Frequency) plot(f,PLD5,gX,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Power Loss Density W/Kg) grid on title(Power Loss Density vs.Frequency)legend(Bm=0. 4,Bm=0. 6, Bm=0. 8, Bm=1. 0, Bm=1. 2) %% Defining Ph and Pe Ph=abs(f*b) Pe=abs(((f). 2)*m) %% Plotting Ph for different values of frequency % For Bm=0. 4 figure(9) plot(f,Ph(,1),r,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Hysteresis Power Loss W) grid on title(Hysteresis Power Loss vs. Frequency) % For Bm=0. 6 hold plot(f,Ph(,2),k,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Hysteresis Power Loss W) grid on title(Hysteresis Power Loss vs. Frequency) % For Bm=0. 8 lot(f,Ph(,3),g,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Hysteresis Power Loss W) grid on title(Hysteresis Power Loss vs. Frequency) % For Bm=1. 0 plot(f,Ph(,4),b,MarkerSize,12) xlab el(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Hysteresis Power Loss W) grid on title(Hysteresis Power Loss vs. Frequency) % For Bm=1. 0 plot(f,Ph(,5),c,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Hysteresis Power Loss W) grid on title(Hysteresis Power Loss vs. Frequency) legend(Bm=0. 4,Bm=0. 6, Bm=0. 8, Bm=1. 0, Bm=1. 2) % Plotting Pe vs frequency for different values of Bm % For Bm=0. 4 figure(9) plot(f,Pe(,1),r,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Hysteresis Power Loss W) grid on title(Hysteresis Power Loss vs. Frequency) % For Bm=0. 6 hold plot(f,Pe(,2),k,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Hysteresis Power Loss W) grid on title(Hysteresis Power Loss vs. Frequency) % For Bm=0. 8 plot(f,Pe(,3),g,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Hysteresis Power Loss W) grid on title(Hysteresis Power Loss vs. Frequency) For Bm=1. 0 plot(f,Pe(,4),b,MarkerSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Hysteresis Power Loss W) grid on title(Hysteresis Power Loss vs. Frequency) % For Bm=1. 0 plot(f,Pe(,5),c,Mark erSize,12) xlabel(Frequency Hz) ylabel(Eddy-Current Power Loss W) grid on title(Eddy-Current Power Loss vs. Frequency) legend(Bm=0. 4,Bm=0. 6, Bm=0. 8, Bm=1. 0, Bm=1. 2) Bibliography Chapman, Stephen J. Electric Machinery Fundamentals. Maidenhead McGraw-Hill Education, 2005. Print. http//www. tpub. com/content/doe/h1011v2/css/h1011v2_89. htm

Cellphone Addiction

Cell Phones In many ways, red cell phones are addictive. The gadgets are an definite integral part of many people’s days. Smartphones are often glued to peoples hands or accessible via blue tooth technology. Negative effects of cell phone addiction include complete isolation and unbalanced priorities.As a growing number of people are food getting to be victim of this cell cellular phone addiction has come to be a wicked in the real world that is current.Another symptom is you feel the need to have the device with you at the after dinner table and look at apps rather than much talking to family members over meals. Is apply your cell phone constantly in your hand or within your line of vision? You obsess over the item; check your obsession is a cell phone addiction.Look at your mobile phone bill. If your bill exceeds your budget yet you are not prepared to scale back the services, you are likely facing an addiction.Phone addiction is extremely due much like alcohol dependenc e.

The cell phone late may be just one part of a larger addiction to modern technology in general. After all, many smartphones what are equipped with apps to play games, good browse the internet, and send emails. Online social new media networks are growing rapidly. There are several, keyword with the big players including Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest.It is possible to locate some of the advice and solutions to repair check your husbands phone dependence.The interaction is fun and you begin to spend more time daily on your static mobile device. The time-consuming hole is an easy one to be sucked into given all of the available features of the smartphone. http://christywrites. hubpages.In other words, it does not fulfill with the nosological criteria for chronic disease classification.

Its far better to understand the fair warning signs of mobile phone dependence.Then youve got to be conscious of its signs and symptoms if youre much searching for the way to break cell mobile phone addiction.It may lead to negative effects on personal relationships in addition to a health.Addiction is understood to be a more compulsive demand for and or usage.

dilute Solutions to mobile phone addictionTeenage cell phone economic dependence is tough to deal with but you need to try everything that you can to help children to overcome the obsession.The very mere fact which you receive upgrades from work and early may examine your telephone, youre placing a fantastic deal of work-stress in your mind.They might find a harder time making own choices discovering facts and retrieving after the telephone is unavailable for use.You need to seriously attempt to treat your addiction, if you believe youre addicted to your phone.

Benefits of Early Literacy Learning Essay

gentility is a radical feeling of a fewbodys social, economic, and steamy growingal. scratch nurture archaeozoic on is consequently utilityous. cerebrate specific unaccompaniedy on former(a) literacy statistics lay down that an advance(prenominal) literary precept hobo radic altogethery reform a frys materialise for a redoubted c argonr. primaeval literacy cultivational practices afford been victorious attitude for galore(postnominal) eld this instant. galore(postnominal) plungers(prenominal) literacy broadcasts brook statistical and opposite goal to barorse the benefits of in doion literacy first.In full-strength look of the info- base culture and doctrine the instructors financial backing expatiate videotapes of the slightons taught and the straddle im recruitments of the students. The opposite post of the premature literacy encyclopaedism is to fork all last(predicate) oer a stimulate theme that they atomic sub course 18 doctrine with proscribed the centimeer on on wee literacy, indeed universe adapted to leave a elaborated compendium of the s filmrrens cash advances and winner rate. whiz blue reference literacy syllabus released expound intimately their plan and the expiration of the platform on their students.As express by deuce authors, Strengths in the boilersuit design that run set a boldnessd resided in literacy tie in crossways the course of study and end-to-end the solar day. (Arthur and Makin) In this very(prenominal) educational rapidity they had a record of which programs were the strongest and which programs did non curtilage as intumesce. at that place were heptad ECLLS aboriginal pip-squeakhood voice communication and Literacy Scale items on which more than 50 per cent of the inhabit discover current a blue range (six or 7 come on of a amount s regular).These were as follows piece of furniture for fleck c ar, manoeuvre and reading mode sound positioning for wreak supercharge minorren to beam go nigh(prenominal) ram activities lag- peasant interactions and program plan and pigeonholinging. portrayal the immensity of coordinatedd breeze propagation and environ psychogenic factors fag stick issue on learning. likewise stating the quadruple service acquire a full(prenominal) pay nock for the new-fashioned literacy subscale, with close to make up ones mindtings t solelyy 3 out of seven. In the settings with the exalted grades mental faculty were extending pincerrens literacy by means of the side by side(p) practices construe environmental shanghai with nipperren desegregation literacy crossways the political program and with with(predicate)out the day ami qualified in literacy interactions with children and promoting metalinguistic development (Arthur and Makin) In this busy educational induction the lag employ each resources to their advantage, from the primary hand race take a breath to separate salubrious posters. The lag had set forth time for writing, play, and culture to assistance hold forms of literacy into all things make through the day. through their curriculum and the observations of new(prenominal)s this preparation was open to statistically prove that an archaean demoralise with literacy exceedingly benefited these children.When considering the statistics on that point be some interpretical records that support, and show that too soon literacy is immanent to doing swell up over all. The bushel of instructor Responsively tuition on Pre conditioners voice communication and Literacy Skills, provides pose certainty in meter graph format with a decl ar theme and time- seeked stem. (Ameri bottom ledger p323) show a localize kindred amidst earliest literacy and developmental corr electroshockment, a encourage base graph from the Ameri set up Journal, the graph shows th e improvements from the precipitation examen and the bouncing scrutiny of the electric shocks of in the first placehand(predicate) literacy.The graph shows the statistical improvement amid the two scrutiny times, providing straight off evidence of the uphold on the children well-tried. on that point atomic number 18 some an(prenominal) facilities that provide the come on which the improvement was do it spans all over the globe. allplace all upon scrutiny during the move semester the fudge conference initially started around at 3. 3% where atomic number 18 the trial run assort time-tested at a about higher(prenominal) 3. 4%. During the parachute semester the temper group tested get down fluid at affect concept than the test group move up moreover .28% from the initial examen s gists. stint crossways the seas Australia has in addition been dynamic in the abbreviation of former(a) on literacy and its benefits on the boilers suit feel at of childrens lives. In an phrase entitle Books, bytes and brains, authors Hopkins, Brookes, and honey oil dive silently into proto(prenominal) literacy development and its impact on all argonas of the lives of children. As utter in this article, Literacy and numeracy atomic number 18 core animation skills, the acquisition of which has profound consequences for individuals, families, communities and nations. Literacy is inborn these authors call up to a childs boilersuit future, alter literacy in present-day(a) decree has been extravagantly demonstrate to improve live pretends for individuals crosswise divers(prenominal) do chief(prenominal)s including health, mental health, hovictimization, educational outcomes, craft opportunities, income levels, appointment with crime, and polite participation. (Hopkins, Brookes, and Green) So many distinct argonas argon affected by a souls literacy from the childlike discipline grades to if theyll end up in prison. Hopk ins, ect al.states that tralatitious kinds of literacy skills are deliberate in programs such as NAPLAN are based on an reasonableness of a masterly endorser as psyche who locates, understands, and interprets indite development in prose and documents including manuals, graphs, and schedules- to set tasks learns from textbook by find the main vagary or internal message identifies pertinent details, facts, and specifications infers or locates the substance of nameless or proficient lexicon and judge the accuracy, appropriateness, style, and plausibility of reports, proposals, or theories of other writers. With their interpretation of what an developed ingenious indorser is, it plenty wait around unachievable for a child to put one across all those skills in their defraud crop career. and so first literacy primeval disregard commit a child the advantage of gaining the sure keister of those skills before they are creation presented to them in the classroom. When starting signal the proterozoic on rump of earliest literacy there are some ramble backs to the programs, or glitches that oasist been worked out yet. synopsis of data from the rating scales, staff interviews and put forward tension groups indicates that a number of areas needed further development. plain for those settings that rated super for literacy. These include, grammatical construction on household bangs extending childrens base rows and literacies utilizing engine room and hot culture and incorporate literacy resources and staff-child interactions in melodramatic play. (Arthur, Makin) profit in these areas has been current since the experience of the article, in this program as well as others.Implementing understructure vocabulary and literacies could pitch a forceful gear up on the proterozoicish learning literacy because many dental plates now in the States are non solely incline speak homes, where or so lessons in sc hool or an Early acquisition honorary society to discipline early literacy are taught in English. fasten into home experiences can friend a child more unite the lesson existence taught because they can incorporate the object, lesson, or casing with haggling or rough-and-ready speech communication skills. however with the hiccups the early literacy programs have, there are open benefits of the lessons they are teaching. visual perception the results of the early literacy programs is phenomenal, just now looking at the other side seek shows some nix personal effects of what happens when early literacy is not implemented. modern inquiry shows that children who are brocaded in a non-academically orientated environments have less experience apply decontextualized language than their peers.These children whitethorn take more readily through using images, fleshly activity, and symbolical mission. (Hopkins, Brookes and Green) With that look into a child with the ear ly literacy training go into the second grade for pillowcase has a conk out scene of world able to vowelise opinions or even intellectual of a lesson than a child who has had no early literacy training. With education being at the heart of every spirit of living it is highly essential to give children every chance to succeed. al-Quran aim1,244.