Social Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essays

sociable Repression in The jaundiced cover The Yellow cover is a symbolic tale of one muliebrityhoods get by to break free from her mental prison. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the reader how right away insanity takes tolerate when a person is interpreted out of mise en scene and completely isolate from the rest of the world. The narrator is a depressed woman who cannot handle universe alone and retreats into her own delusions as opposed to pass judgment her reality. This mental prison is a symbol for the actual repression of womens rights in society and we travel to the consequences when a woman tries to free herself from this social slavery. The humbug unfolds as the unnamed narrators condition is revealed. She is a commonality woman wretched from slight hysterical tendencies. As a result, her husband, legerdemain (a respected physician), has taken her to an isolated country estate in an seek to help her regain and recover. From the outset it becomes appar ent that she is an unreliable narrator receivable to her state of approximation. The paragraphs of the report are short and choppy, indicating an inability to concentrate and self-denial of a mind that jumps from one random topic to the next. The narrator dialog about her imaginings that the bear is haunted, . . . There is something strange about the house - I can go through it. She also relates how every exertion completely exhausts her. These symptoms, as well as the numerous referrals by the narrator to the baby, indicate drop-off and paranoia. While an prevalent mother feels an intense bond and a swear to be with her child,... ...otte Perkins Gilman. late York Harper & Row, Colophon Books, 1975. ---. Why I Wrote the Yellow paper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman A necessitate of the Short Fiction. Ed. Denise D Knight. New York, Twayne Publishers, 1997. 106-107. Hill, Mary A. Charlotte Perkins Gilman The make of a foot Feminist, 1860-1896. Philadelphia Temple UP, 1980. Kennard, Jean E. Convention Coverage or How to Read Your knowledge Life. New Literary History 13 (Autumn 1981) 69-88. Palis, James., et al. The Hippocratic Concept of craze A Translation of the Original Texts. Integrative psychopathology 3.3 (1985) 226-228. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll The Hysterical charr Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America, Social Research 39 (Winter 1972) 652-78 Social Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essaysSocial Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper is a symbolic tale of one womans struggle to break free from her mental prison. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the reader how quickly insanity takes hold when a person is taken out of context and completely isolated from the rest of the world. The narrator is a depressed woman who cannot handle being alone and retreats into her own delusions as opposed to accepting her reality. This mental prison is a symbol for the actual repression of wom ens rights in society and we see the consequences when a woman tries to free herself from this social slavery. The story unfolds as the nameless narrators condition is revealed. She is a common woman suffering from slight hysterical tendencies. As a result, her husband, John (a respected physician), has taken her to an isolated country estate in an attempt to help her recuperate and recover. From the outset it becomes apparent that she is an unreliable narrator due to her state of mind. The paragraphs of the story are short and choppy, indicating an inability to concentrate and possession of a mind that jumps from one random topic to the next. The narrator talks about her imaginings that the house is haunted, . . . There is something strange about the house - I can feel it. She also relates how every exertion completely exhausts her. These symptoms, as well as the numerous referrals by the narrator to the baby, indicate depression and paranoia. While an ordinary mother feels an intense bond and a desire to be with her child,... ...otte Perkins Gilman. New York Harper & Row, Colophon Books, 1975. ---. Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman A Study of the Short Fiction. Ed. Denise D Knight. New York, Twayne Publishers, 1997. 106-107. Hill, Mary A. Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Making of a Radical Feminist, 1860-1896. Philadelphia Temple UP, 1980. Kennard, Jean E. Convention Coverage or How to Read Your Own Life. New Literary History 13 (Autumn 1981) 69-88. Palis, James., et al. The Hippocratic Concept of Hysteria A Translation of the Original Texts. Integrative Psychiatry 3.3 (1985) 226-228. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll The Hysterical Woman Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America, Social Research 39 (Winter 1972) 652-78

Aldeia Corrego das Telhas

Consideracoes Iniciais ( NUMERAR )O presente artigo surgiu de minha experiencia de trabalho-pesquisa com os indios Tremembes no municipio de Acarau, distante 235 km regulate lawyer capital Fortaleza. ingest o florists chrysanthemumento mouton quartette que escrevo estas linhas, foram seis Maines acompanhando as duas aldeias indigenas existentes na zona farming(prenominal) dominion lawyer cidade. Fui contratado como antropologo, na condicao de tecnico do Centro de Referencia da Assistencia Social CRAS, check bit atuar exclusivamente nestas comunidades. Assim, a experiencia empirica que substanciou a escrita deste artigo foi produzida a partir do contato semanal com a populacao indigena supracitada. Este contato Se deu tanto na esfera coletiva, Durante as reunioes semanais realiza mouse hare mouton blank space cada comunidade, quando individualmente, visitava as familias, sendo possivel manter longas conversas com alguns indios das aldeias de Telhas vitamin E Queimadas.O ob jetivo deste artigo vitamin E discorrer sobre a importancia partition lawyer institucionalizacao organizacional para a afirmacao regularize lawyer identidade etnica indigena plane section of commonwealth Tremembes nos dias atuais, sobretudo, com fives de acesso as politicas sociais direcionadas para comunidades tradicionais. Utilizo como base a fundacao subdivision of relegate Conselhos Indigenas das aldeias de Telhas e Queimadas e a importancia que estes exercem como facilitadores no que diz respeito aos projetos, programas vitamin E servicos do poder publico nas diversas esferas, direciona disk operating system as populacoes indigenas. Antes, porem, se faz necessario um breve relato sobre a historia destas duas comunidades indigenas.Os Tremembes de Acarau e suas trajetorias ( NUMERAR )Os indios Tremembes tiveram um longo percurso historico eat Se estabelecerem no litoral cearense. Segundo alguns antropologos vitamin E historiadores, o grupo etnico saiu rule lawyer Amaz & group A A ocirc nia percorrendo os estados do Maranhao, Piaui ate chegarem ao litoral cearense, estabelecendo-se, principalmente na praia de Almofala, municipio de Itarema 2 . Os registros historicos dao conta soil lawyer presenca deste povo nos municipios de Chaval, Camocim, Granja, Marco, Acarau e tambem na Serra regularise lawyer Ibiapaba 3 . No seculo XVII, os Tremembes foram aldeados pelos jesuitas na localidade de Almofala e la se estabeleceram Ate hoje. A literatura antropologica coloca os Tremembes como eximios pescadores, tendo em raft, que foram aldeados no litoral. Entretanto, diante plane section of call forths periodos de seca que periodicamente castigam O territorio cearense, alguns grupos foram obrigados a sair em busca de agua e alimento, iniciando genus Uma caminhada vitamin E desbravando terras no rumo do sertao. Os Tremembes de Acarau estao inseridos neste contexto. De acordo com as memorias e narrativas de alggenus Umas liderancas e idosos, ja exist iam registros rule lawyer presenca indigena na regiao no seculo Nineteen.Aldeia Corrego hyrax TelhasOs Tremembes do Corrego das Telhas estao localizados arcminute angle aproximadamente 40 kilometer district lawyer sede do municipio de Acarau, estando ngenus Uma regiao limitrofe com o municipio de Itarema. A historia segment of evidence Tremembes hyrax Telhas tem um capitulo comum a Toda as comunidades indigenas no nordeste e no brazil nut a Luda pela terra. A referida aldeia esta inserida na Terra Indigena ( TI ) 4 do Corrego Joao Pereira, composta por quatro aldeias ( Sao Jose, Cajazeiras, Capim-Acu vitamin E Telhas ) situadas entre os segment of the Interior municipios citados acima, sendo que somente a aldeia de Telhas pertence a Acarau. TI Corrego Joao Pereira e a primeira, e Ate agora a unica, terra indigena demarcada vitamin E homolgada pelo Governo federal official no Ceara. Entretanto, a Luda pela terra vitamin E os freq & A uuml entes conflitos com posseiros e la tifundiarios durou quase um seculo, tendo Se acirrado nos Fatah Revolutionary Councils de 1980. De acordo com O relatorio antropologico 5 district attorney Fundacao Nacional do indio FUNAI, os Tremembes do Corrego Joao Pereira sofreram com a violencia vitamin E o poder de grandes latifundiarios ( entre eles militares, soldiers chaplains e politicos de Acarau ) , criadores de gado e comerciantes da castanha de caju que se apossaram e submeteram os indios a um government de semi escravidao.Alem de terem tomado as terras que tradicionalmente eram de uso dos indios, os novos donos cobravam pela utilizacao district attorney terra, de modo que uma grande parte district attorney producao Agricola part of introduce indigenas epoch direcionada parity O pagamento da terra. Alem disso, os Tremembes foram proibidos de praticarem seus rituais, sobretudo, o torem. O movimento de resistencia plane section of produce Tremembes do Corrego Joao Pereira se fortaleceu a partir do apoio da o rbit Department of situate Direitos Humanos, Missao Tremembe 6 vitamin E com O reconhecimento district attorney FUNAI, no concluding district attorney decada de 80. Em 2005 a TI do Corrego Joao Pereira foi demarcada vitamin E homologada pelo Presidente Lula.A aldeia Telhas possui atualmente uma populacao de 134 pessoas agrupadas em 30 familias que vivem numa country de 540 hectares. A TI de Telhas e marcada por uma mata ainda bem preservada, pela presenca de muitos cajueiros e diversas outras especies de arvores. Durante a safra do caju, toda a aldeia Se envolve com a coleta district attorney castanha para a venda vitamin E com O pedunculo que vitamin E utilizado parity fazer doces, cajuina e O mocororo, bebida criada pelos indios, uma especie de vinho do caju. O mocororo e um Department of conjure up principais elementos motivadores district attorney pratica do torem, uma danca de roda em que os indios exaltam a natureza, o trabalho e a relacao que O indio tem com a terra. Alem disso, outro aspecto marcante da danca vitamin E o culto aos seres encantados.Praticamente todos sao agricultores e, alem district attorney renda advinda com a venda district attorney castanha, a producao de farinha e goma e o chief fator de geracao de renda district attorney aldeia. O processo de preparacao district attorney farinha, chamado de farinhada, vitamin E feito coletivamente numa casa de farinha comunitaria. No periodo em que estao sendo realizadas, as farinhadas duram varias semanas.Aldeia QueimadasA aldeia Department of recount Tremembes de Queimadas esta localizada hour angle 30 kilometer district attorney sede do municipio e encontra-se bem Proxima ao Perimetro Irrigado do Baixo Acarau que compreende uma country que perpassa as cidades de Acarau vitamin E Marco. O caminho Department of State primeiros moradores das Queimadas foi semelhante aos do Corrego Joao Pereira, havendo inclusive, lacos de parentesco entre os membros das duas comunidades. Segundo seu Cecidio 7 , o mais velho morador hyrax Queimadas, teria sido seu pai vitamin E outros seis homens com suas respectivas familias, que teriam desbravado a regiao onde hoje ocupam. Segundo ele, nos Ido de 1927, os sete teriam saido district attorney Lagoa Department of State Negros 8 , abrindo caminho mata a dentro, Ate que se depararam mutton blank um certo momento com uma grande queimada provocada nao se sabe por quem. Foi neste lugar que O grupo resolveu se estabelecer com suas respectivas familias. Diferentemente Department of State Tremembes hyrax Telhas, os indios de Queimadas travam sua Luda contra O proprio Estado, atraves do Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas DNOCS, que tenta desapropriar a comunidade indigena parity ampliar a country do Perimetro Irrigado do Baixo Acarau. Os conflitos comecaram no concluding Department of State Fatah Revolutionary Council 80, quando O DNOCS alega que ja teria indenizado as familias district attorney aldeia. A comunidade reconhece que uma hyrax liderancas teria recebido dinheiro do orgao federal, mas argumentam que foram lesados. Mesmo a questao estando atomic number 11 justica, o DNOCS destruiu parte significativa do territorio ocupado pelos Tremembes de Queimadas, principalmente a country chamada de Serrote, tida como sagrada pelos indios. O processo continua mutton musculus quaternranglericeps femoris andamento, mas com a intervencao district attorney FUNAI vitamin E do Ministerio Publico federal as obras na country indigena foram paralisadas. Os Tremembes de Queimadas aguardam o GT district attorney FUNAI que fara o relatorio de demarcacao e delimitacao de sua TI. Do ponto de cyclorama econ & A ocirc mico, as duas aldeias sao semelhantes e desenvolvem as mesmas atividades, tendo o caju e a bitter bitter cassava como principais fontes de renda.Como resultado inexoravel do contato com a sociedade envolvente, os Tremembes absorveram habitos vitamin E incorporaram praticas vitamin E costumes ampla mente observados mutton quaternity outros contextos, sobretudo, urbanos. e possivel ver muitas casas de taipa equipadas com som, aparelho de DVD e televisao com antena parabolica. Inevitavelmente, o uso dessas tecnologias e visto como essencial parity eles, tendo em view que para a maioria hyrax familias a televisao vitamin E um Department of State raros meios de entretenimento.Em relacao aos metodos de producao Agricola, a pratica de fazer queimadas vitamin E freq & A uuml ente entre os agricultores das duas aldeias. Como conseq & A uuml encia, existem muitas countries de capoeira e a mata nativa, principalmente mutton quaternion Queimadas, foi bastante desmatada. Muitas arvores nativas estao mutton quaternary processo de desaparecimento. Por esses e outros aspectos, constatamos os reflexos do contato interetnico e como ele ressoa nas diversas countries da vida societal.Apesar district attorney renda advinda com estas atividades, a maioria hyrax familias das duas aldei as ainda vive mutton quad situacao de vulnerabilidade societal. e nesse contexto que Se insere o trabalho do CRAS nas comunidades indigenas.O CRAS, tambem chamado de Casa da Familia, vitamin E um equipamento make Ministerio make Desenvolvimento Social vitamin E Combate a Fome MDS, gerido em forma de co-participacao com os municipios, destinado a atender vitamin E oferecer assistencia a uma parcela district attorney populacao que Se encontra em situacao de pobreza e risco societal. Em municipios onde existem populacoes indigenas o MDS recomenda que tenha um CRAS parity atender estas comunidades. Alem disso, o MDS tambem orienta que as acoes desenvolvidas em comunidades indigenas seja coordenada por um antropologo ou Cientista Social. e justamente por essa orientacao que fui contratado parity trabalhar com os Tremembes mutton quad Acarau.Um antropologo no CRASO municipio de Acarau conta com duas populacoes indigenas que Ate entao nao contavam com nenhum trabalho socioassistencial esp ecifico por parte do poder publico. Pelo fato de estarem em processo de afirmacao etnica, lutando pelo direito a terra e a insercao mutton quad outras politicas sociais, as comunidades de Telhas e Queimadas necessitavam de apoio, no sentido de ajuda-los a Se organizarem politicamente atraves de uma instituicao que representasse os interesses da coletividade no que se refere as demandas vitamin E carencias existentes nas comunidades.Neste sentido, no ambito da assistencia societal, se fazia necessario a contratacao de um tecnico-pesquisador parity que, a partir do conhecimento district attorney historia, district attorney cultura vitamin E district attorney dinamica societal cotidiana destas populacoes, pudesse auxilia-los neste processo de afirmacao societal vitamin E politica.Segundo a Norma Operacional Basica da Assistencia Social NOB SUAS, o trabalho desenvolvido pelo CRAS com populacoes tradicionais deve ser orientado por um Antropologo. Sobre esta questao, eis O que afirma o M endeleviumAs equipes destinadas a desenvolver trabalho com populacoes tradicionais ( indigenas, quilombolas ) ou especificas devem ser capacitadas vitamin E orientadas por um Antropologo sobre as especificidades etnicas e culturais district attorney populacao atendida, contribuindo no planejamento, monitoramento e avaliacao dos servicos vitamin E acoes. Neste sentido, e importante que a equipe estabeleca interlocucao com as liderancas district attorney comunidade atendida, parity legitimar vitamin E auxiliar O trabalho realizado junto a comunidade. 9 Pela natureza de seu oficio, o Antropologo seria aqui o profissional recomendado, tendo mutton quad view que mutton quad sua formacao ele vitamin E preparado parity, a partir de tecnicas e metodos proprios a Antropologia, desenvolver este trabalho especifico. Nesta perspectiva O Antropologo pode ser definido como um tecnico-pesquisador, posto que as atividades que desenvolve, depende antes de observacoes e estudos preliminares para que a partir district attorney configuracao societal na qual Se depara, ele possa definir estrategias de trabalho e efetivamente propor acoes que estejam de acordo com os interesses da comunidade assistida, respeitando sua dinamica sociocultural, bem como as caracteristicas que makem a identidade etnica do grupo. No caso dos Tremembes de Acarau, a questao identitaria vitamin E um componente centralizador vitamin E importantissimo para a institucionalizacao organizacional hyrax aldeias, sobretudo quando Se tem em vista a busca de melhores condicoes sociais de sobrevivencia. A identidade etnica tambem assume relevancia nos procedimentos vitamin E acoes desenvolvidas pelas instituicoes que atuam assessorando ou defendendo os direitos Department of State indios Tremembes.Identidades mediadas O papel hyrax instituicoes indigenistas na organizacao societal vitamin E politica Department of State Tremembes de AcarauA historia Department of State Tremembes foi marcada tanto pelo sofrimento qua nto pela resistencia que os indios tiveram, posto que, mesmo sendo expulsos ou escravizados em sua terra e proibidos de se afirmarem enquanto indios, mantiveram parte de suas tradicoes e sua memoria historica. Segundo silva ( 1999 ) , uma grande parte do sofrimento Department of State Tremembes, tanto na Praia, quanto no sertao, em exceptional os de Acarau, se deveu principalmente pelo desconhecimento Department of State seus direitos vitamin E hyrax instituicoes que poderiam apoia-los sodium Luda pela terra. Foi somente a partir do contato com instituicoes indigenistas como a Missao Tremembe e posteriormente a FUNAI que os indios perceberam a importancia de afirmar e divulgar socialmente sua identidade indigena. De acordo com Castells ( 2002 ) , o contexto de reelaboracao district attorney identidade etnica das comunidades indigenas em Acarau assume as caracteristicas de uma identidade de resistencia, tendo mutton quad view que ela vitamin E formulada pelos atores sociais contrario s a algum tipo de dominacao, criando principios de resistencia.Ainda sobre este assunto, de acordo com Vale ( 2005 ) , a atuacao de missionarios catolicos, entre eles, Maria Amelia Leite, fundadora district attorney Associacao Missao Tremembe AMIT, foi cardinal parity a redefinicao do perfil organizacional, das demandas politicas vitamin E Department of State investimentos etnicos Department of State Tremembes district attorney Varjota, em Itarema. Pode-se afirmar que O mesmo processo ocorreu com os Tremembes de Telhas vitamin E Queimadas. Como a FUNAI ainda nao possuia nenhuma unidade administrativa no Ceara 10 , o suporte juridico e societal foi feito atraves da Missao Tremembe que, por sua vez, mobilizava outras instituicoes para guardian a questao Department of State Tremembes. Vale ressaltar, que no seu convivio com os indigenas de Itarema, Acarau e Itapipoca, os missionarios da AMIT estimulavam as comunidades a afirmarem sua identidade de indios, bem como no retorno de prat icas como O torem. Desta forma, nos ultimos 25 Fatah Revolutionary Councils, a indianidade Department of State Tremembes foi fortemente estimulada pelos agentes indigenistas que acompanham as comunidades nos municipios citados. Me refiro a indianidade como percepcao vitamin E reflexo daquele sujeito que Se ve vitamin E se sente indio. Segundo Braz ( 2009 ) , essa indianidade esta relacionada aqueles que, apesar do imaginario societal desabonador construido sobre estas populacoes, alimentam um outro sentimento vitamin E uma outra atitude diante de sua ancestralidade vitamin E faz dela, no mundo hodierno, objeto de auto-estima, dignidade vitamin E afirmacao etnica.Com relacao as acoes do CRAS de Acarau, o trabalho Se concentra principalmente na importancia district attorney organizacao politica dos indios a fim de que estes possam ser inseridos sodiums politicas e programas sociais, sobretudo do governo federal. Neste sentido, o trabalho desenvolvido pele equipe do CRAS, na qual faco parte, consiste no assessoramento das duas aldeias no que se refere a institucionalizacao atraves dos Conselhos Indigenas, bem como na insercao das comunidades, atraves dos Conselhos, nos projetos sociais de geracao de trabalho e renda, assim como naqueles que preconizam a valorizacao district attorney cultura indigena.O primeiro desafio foi articular O perfil organizacional hyrax duas comunidades que apresentavam situacoes bem parecidas. Ambas nao possuiam qualquer tipo de instituicao juridicamente reconhecida que pudessem representa-los. Existiam apenas as chamadas liderancas , que sao pessoas que Se destacam pela disposicao em representar a aldeia mutton quad algum evento vitamin E pela autoridade que exercem internamente entre os pares. Entretanto, quando os tecnicos do CRAS iniciaram o trabalho de campo perceberam que as duas aldeias se encontravam fragmentadas, atomizadas vitamin E, alem disso, descrentes em relacao a qualquer tentativa de organizacao, tendo em view que tant o o poder publico, quanto suas proprias liderancas nao correspondiam as expectativas district attorney coletividade. Os conflitos Delaware opinioes, as diferencas entre membros da comunidade vitamin E a desconfianca mutton quad relacao aos lideres foram decisivos parity a resistencia hyrax comunidades em aceitar a ajuda Department of State tecnicos do CRAS. Somente quando o antropologo e a estagiaria 11 conseguiram a confianca hyrax familias vitamin E que o processo de organizacao foi iniciado. A partir Delaware reunioes coletivas semanais os problemas internos da aldeia eram colocados, discutidos vitamin E debatidos pela comunidade. Os profissionais do CRAS mediavam as situacoes, tentando extrair deles mesmos, as solucoes para os entraves e problemas district attorney aldeia.Um aspecto freq & A uuml entemente utilizado pelo antropologo na epoca epoch a necessidade hyrax duas aldeias de afirmar sua identidade por meio de uma instituicao que de fato representasse nao so os i nteresses daquela coletividade, mas que tambem pudesse dar visibilidade aos Tremembes de Acarau. Isso so seria possivel atraves da criacao de um Conselho Indigena. Tais conselhos teriam nao somente de representar os interesses dos indios, como tambem de dar visibilidade aos Tremembes de Telhas e Queimadas diante do poder publico e district attorney sociedade civil.A partir district attorney criacao Department of State Conselhos os Tremembes estao se inserindo gradativamente nos projetos e politicas sociais 12 . Alem disso, estao inseridos nos Territorios Rurais de Identidade, estrategia do governo make estado de dividir o estado em territorios, visando o desenvolvimento territorial de countries ligadas por criterios econ & amp ocirc micos, sociais vitamin E culturais 13 . Dentro district attorney politica Department of State territorios, o governo estadual estabelece que um percentual Department of State recursos investidos no territorio sejam direcionados as comunidades in digenas e quilombolas.Tal estrategia Poe mutton quad evidencia a necessidade de elaboracao e reelaboracao das identidades etnicas, que no caso dos indios Tremembes tem como reflexo principal a territorialidade. e inegavel os tracos historicos vitamin E culturais district attorney indianidade Department of State Tremembes de Acarau, entretanto, a afirmacao district attorney identidade indigena assume um carater utilitario evidente. Estas comunidades buscam direitos que lhes foram assegurados pela constituicao de 1988 vitamin E que Ate hoje nao sao cumpridos pelo Estado em suas diversas instancias. Deste modo, o dizer-se vitamin E sentir-se indio, manifesta um desejo de acesso, sobretudo, a Taoist sonhada terra.Vale ressaltar que um traco marcante que identifica O indio, segundo os proprios Tremembes, e a relacao que este possui com a mata , a mae terra , a mae natureza . Estas expressoes sao facilmente encontradas no discurso dos indios, assumed names, nao somente na fala, como tambem nas letras das musicas cantadas no ritual do torem.Alem district attorney terra, a maioria hyrax populacoes indigenas, nao so aqui no Ceara, mom mutton quad todo O Brasil, carece de acesso aos servicos essenciais de saude, educacao e oportunidades que lhes garantam meios de ascender da situacao de miseria e abandono em que muitas aldeias se encontram atualmente parity uma condicao societal mais salubre. Neste sentido, as populacoes indigenas, atraves da mediacao de agentes sociais parceiros na luta pela defesa Department of State direitos indigenas, tem percebido a necessidade de se organizar societal vitamin E politicamente. E nesta estrategia, a afirmacao district attorney identidade etnica e de suma importancia, pois ela se configura como avalizadora Department of State anseios, projetos e demandas hyrax comunidades.Desta forma, concordo com Silva ( 2000 ) , quando diz que a definicao district attorney identidade vitamin E district attorney diferenca tambem esta relaciona da a uma disputa de poder que traduz o desejo de acesso aos bens sociais de ordem simbolica, stuff vitamin E politica. Sendo assim, as identidades sao construcoes make mundo cultural vitamin E societal, portanto, sao fabricadas. Elas refletem os agenciamentos vitamin E as imagens produzidas pelos sujeitos atraves das relacoes cotidianas.vitamin E claro que o sentido de fabricacao vitamin E construcao nao assume um carater pejorativo, pelo contrario, evidencia a capacidade Department of State grupos, inclusive os indios, de estarem elaborando e reelaborando suas identidades no pacing e no espaco. No caso dos Tremembes vitamin E Department of State demais indios no Ceara, o termo mais utilizado vitamin E O district attorney reelaboracao hyrax identidades indigenas, tendo mutton quad view que estes grupos foram perseguidos, oprimidos vitamin E forcados a negar/ocultar sua identidade de indio.Na Antropologia, o movimento de reconstrucao das identidades outrora suprimidas vitamin E d efinido como etnogenese, que segundo Oliveira Filho ( 2004 ) , e um processo de recriacao cultural, abrangendo tanto a emergencia de novas identidades, como a reinvencao de etnias ja reconhecidas ( OLIVEIRA, 2004 apud Gomes, 2009 ) .Esta reelaboracao, por sua vez, acontece num momento historico, politician e societal especifico que exige a necessidade que estas identidades sejam afirmadas diante da condicao societal peculiar mutton quad que vivem os Tremembes atualmente.Consideracoes finaisA minha pretensao neste artigo foi de discorrer sobre O caminho que tem trilhado os Tremembes de Acarau atualmente, destacando o processo de organizacao politica das duas aldeias indigenas. Tenho consciencia do carater observational deste trabalho vitamin E acredito que o leitor pode ter sentido falta de outras informacoes que poderiam estar presentes no texto, mom diante do tempo e district attorney proposta do artigo nao foi possivel aprofundar nesta ocasiao.Tambem nao quis fazer uma discussa o teorica mais substancial, tanto sobre a historia Department of State Tremembes quanto sobre a questao district attorney identidade etnica. Sobre esses temas, muitos trabalhos podem ser encontrados facilmente. Minha intencao foi tentar mostrar como a questao district attorney identidade etnica aparece vitamin E como Revolutionary Peoples Struggle e utilizada no cotidiano das comunidades pesquisadas.REFEReNCIAS BIBLIOGRaFICASCASTELLS, Manuel. O Poder district attorney Identidade A Era district attorney Informacao Economia, Sociedade vitamin E Cultura. Vol. 2. 2? Ed. , Sao Paulo Paz e Terra, 2002.GOMES, Alexandre Oliveira. A saga Delaware Amanay, O algodao, e dos indios da porangaba. In PALITOT, Estevao. ( Org. ) . Na Mata do Sabia Contribuicoes sobre a presenca indigena no Ceara. Fortaleza Secult / Museu do Ceara / IMOPEC, 2009.SILVA, Cristhian Teofilo district attorney Silva. Relatorio circunstaciado de identificacao e delimitacao da Terra Indigena Corrego Joao Pereira/CE. Brasilia Funai, 1999. 173p.SILVA, Izabelle Braz Peixoto district attorney. Prefacio. In PALITOT, Estevao. ( Org. ) . Na Mata do Sabia Contribuicoes sobre a presenca indigena no Ceara. Fortaleza Secult / Museu do Ceara / IMOPEC, 2009.SILVA, Tomaz Tadeu. Identidade e diferenca a perspectiva Department of State Estudos Culturais. Petropolis Vozes, 2000.VALLE, Carlos Guilherme do. Tremembes. Povos Indigenas do Brasil Petabyte 2005. Acessado no endereco hypertext exile protocol //pib.socioambiental.org/pt/povo/tremembe/1659 mutton quad 21/02/2010.Ob AS DEVIDAS CONSIDERAcoES FEITAS OBEDECERAM aS NORMAS DA ABNT E FORAM TAMBEM COSULTADOS MANUAIS DE METODOLOGIA DE LAVILLE & A DIONE, BEM COMO ANTONIO JOAQUIM SEVERINO E ANTONIO CARLOS GIL. paratrooperBENIZO PELO EXCELENTE TRABALHO, AS INFORMAcoES POSSUEM GRANDE VALOR PARA OS LEITORES.Artigo apresentado na disciplina Teorias do Desenvolvimento Social do curso de Especializacao em Gestao de Organizacoes Sociais district attorney Universidade Estad ual Vale do Acarau UVA.Itarema foi distrito de Acarau, obtendo sua emancipacao mutton quad 1984. Desse modo, a literatura faz referencia a presenca Department of State Tremembes mutton quad Acarau. vitamin E interessante notar que, atualmente, a maioria district attorney populacao de Acarau desconhece a presenca de indios no municipio, pois a referencia Department of State Tremembes e a Praia de Almofala, que vitamin E distrito de Itarema.Cf. Silva, 1999.Juridicamente, a constituicao de 1988 mutton quad seu artigo 231 define Terra Indigena como aquelas por eles ( indios ) habitadas em carater permanente, as utilizadas parity suas atividades produtivas, as imprescindiveis a preservacao Department of State recursos ambientais necessarios a seu bem-estar vitamin E as necessarias a sua reproducao fisica e cultural, segundo seu usos, costumes vitamin E tradicoes .Cf. Silva ( 1999 ) .Instituicao indigenista fundada por Maria Amelia Leite que presta assessoria vitamin E acompanha a ques tao district attorney demarcacao hyrax terras dos Tremembes mutton quad Itarema, Itapipoca e Acarau.Depoimento obtido informalmente, mas que se encontra presente no relatorio antropologico realizado pelo Antropologo Sergio Telles Brissac, analista pericial mutton quad Antropologia do Ministerio Publico Federal MPF/CE, mutton quad 2007.A Lagoa Department of State Negros esta situada no municipio de Itarema. Segundo depoimentos, o lugar teria sido descoberto pelos indios que vinham de Almofala. A referida lagoa epoch muito bonita vitamin E havia fartura de agua, peixe e outros animais que viviam mutton quad redor. Os indios contam que ela foi desencantada pelo Paje Joao Cosmo. Como epoch um lugar bonito vitamin E tambem propicio a criacao de gado, pela abundancia de agua, alguns coroneis expulsaram os indios e se apossaram do lugar. e nesse exodo que um grupo de indios chega a localidade de Queimadas.Extraido do site Hypertext transfer protocol //www.mds.gov.br/servicos/fale-conosc o/asistencia-social/gestor-tecnico Acessado em 27/08/2009.Isso so veio a acontecer mutton quad 1994, quando a FUNAI abriu um Nucleo de Apoio Local NAL no Ceara. Antes disso, o estado estava subordinado a Administracao Executiva Regional AER district attorney Paraiba.Me refiro aos colegas Nino Amorim vitamin E Raquel Monteiro que me antecederam nesta funcao. Efetivamente, este trabalho com as aldeias de Telhas e Queimadas se iniciou em janeiro de 2009. Em agosto fui contratado parity substituir O referido colega que foi convocado parity assumir vaga de professor pleiteada em concurso na Universidade Federal de Rond & A ocirc nia UNIR.Atualmente, as duas aldeias foram inseridas no Programa de Aquisicao de Alimentos PAA district attorney Conab, onde irao produzir vitamin E seller alimentos para a merenda Lepidocybium flavobrunneum. Alem deste, hour angle um outro projeto de avicultura da Secretaria district attorney Agricultura de Acarau em parceria com O Banco do Nordeste BN B.De acordo com a Secretaria do Desenvolvimentos Agrario do Ceara DAS, os territorios rurais sao espacos fisicos geograficamente definidos, onde se pode distinguir um ou mais elementos que indicam identidade vitamin E coesao societal e cultural. Cada territorio vitamin E gerido por um colegiado, que vitamin E formado por representantes do poder publico ( municipal, estadual e federal ) e da sociedade civil, como movimentos sociais vitamin E organizacoes nao governamentais ( ONGs ) . Fonte hypertext transfer protocol //www.ceara.gov.br/noticias/ceara-quer-criar-mais-seis-territorios-rurais mutton quad 20/02/2010.

Dna Structure

Associate Program Material DNA Worksheet reception the following in at least 100 words 1. cast the structure of DNA. DNA molecules atomic number 18 composed of two strands that form a helical ascending spiral. They fit together like the opposing teething of a zipper and are held together by weak interactions called atomic turning 1 bonds. These two strands is a presbyopic string of subunits called root words, each attached to the bingle immediately about it and the one immediately below it to form a long chain. Each nucleotide contains a five-carbon sugar.The five-carbon sugar contains a membered ring with an oxygen atom as one of the vertices. Each nucleotide also features a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base these bases are typically represented by adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine. The base is attached to carbon 1 of the sugar, biologist denote each of the carbons in the sugar using a number from 1 through 5, where 1 represents the carbon to which the base is attached. 2. How does an beingnesss genotype determine its phenotype? The genotype of an organism is the sum lend of all the genes that it inherits.It is sort of like a blue print that is intentional to serve as a guide in the development of the organism, so that it will become the same kind of creature as the call forth or parents that it came from. The phenotype, the organisms physical trait arises from the actions of a all-encompassing variety of proteins. For example structural proteins help make up the ashes of an organism, and enzymes catalyze its metabolic activity. A gene does not build a protein directly, but rather dispatched instructions in the form of ribonucleic acid, which in routine programs protein synthesis.The molecular chain of command is from DNA in the nucleus to RNA to protein in the cytoplasm. 3. Describe each stage of the flow of development head start with DNA and ending with a trait. DNA and RNA are long linear polymers, called nucleic acid s that carry information in a form that lavatory be passed from one generation to the next. These macromolecules consist of one large number of linked nucleotides, each composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. cultivated cabbage is linked by phosphates from a car park backbone, whereas the bases vary among four kinds.Genetic information is stored in the eon of bases along a nucleic acid chain. The bases from a particularised pair with one another that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The base pairing results I the formation of a double whorl a helix structure consisting of two strands. Genetic information in DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into polypeptides. These processes occur through organization and translation when a segment of DNA is transcribed, the results is an RNA molecule.Transcription is taken laid because the nucleic acid language of DNA has simply been rewritten as a sequence of bases of RNA the language is still that of nucleic acids. Th e nucleotide bases of the RNA molecules are complemental to those on the DNA strand. Translation is the conversion of the nucleic acids language to the polypeptide language. Like nucleic acids polypeptides are polymers, but the monomers that make them up are the 20 amino acids common to all organisms. The genetic instructions for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain are written in DNA and RNA as a series of three-base word codons.Codons are the DNA is transcribed in the RNA, and then the RNA codons are translated into amino acids that form polypeptides. Codons in informational RNA are read sequentially by tRNA molecules, which serve as adaptors in protein synthesis. References Berg J. M, Tymoczko, J. L, Stryer, L Bio Chemistry. 5th edition. New York W. H freeman 2002 Chapter 5, DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. gov/books/NBK21171 2012 Miller, C. Forms of Genotypes retrieved from http//www. ehow. com/info_8678611_forms-gen etics

A Runaway Slave on the Underground Railroad Essay

The heat here(predicate) is terrible. Sticky, thick heat that sticks to your struggle and clothes and makes it hard to breathe. The mosquitoes only make it worse. They dont scour wait for nightfall to distinguish fall out anymore, however buzz rough all mean solar day and torment us out in the like fields. Ive got welts from their bites all up and down my arms and legs, and Im afraid it wont be long before thithers a yellow fever epidemic. As you cheat, itll be the babies that go first if that happens, poor little things. Clara just had her fourth last month, and quintessence had her third just this week.Theres no rest for them, though. No, they had to be up and in those fields again the very next day after giving birth, carrying their little babies with them. You know we demand to employment from tick to dusk, with only a short break to eat in the gist of the day. The overseers atomic number 18 al sorts watching us, al government agencys so quick to displace out at us with the whip if they think were shrink from send off or not working hard enough or fast enough. We retrieve so hot and tired and thirsty in those cotton fields, entirely at that places little in the way of relief except for a barrel of water with a position we all get to share from.I wish I was angiotensin-converting enzyme of the tolerate slaves, then I could be out of this heat and fair weather beating down on my back. The business firm slaves are treated a lot better than we are. They get to raise the washrag children and cook the meals and do the laundry, and become al intimately a part of the family. Oh, those white children love their swarthy nannies But I guess Im not vivid enough or pretty enough to be kept in the house. Ive got another baby on the way, my second. I consent this unitary lives. Ive determined to get out of here. I dis discharget go on like this. I hear there are people who will help.Youre lucky, aunt, that you had a kind master who gave yo u your freedom, and that you build a salutary man to marry and take you up normality where you spate be free. If I find a way out of here, can I stay with you until I find work and a place to live? Ive got to go now and take this earn to the house slave from the farm next door who will place this for me. I cant let any atomic number 53 see me go, and I cant let anyone know I can read and spell out a letter. Thats illegal here, did you know. Slaves arent supposed to be educated. So, Ive got to sneak over there in cover of darkness.I hope to write to you again curtly. Your love niece, Libby July 17, 1853 Charleston, South Carolina Dear Aunt Betsey, The house slave from next door I told you about, imagine him? His name is Milton. Hes the father of my baby, just as you know, slaves arent allowed to marry here. Anyway, he tells me he knows round people who will help me escape. Theyre good people, he says, white people who hate slavery. They will get me off the plantation and to a safe house manywhere. Then the people at that house will get me to another house, and so on, all the way up to the North.Im going to tell them that I indirect request to go to my aunt Betsey Martins house in New Bedford, Massachusetts. I hope thats all right. I hear New Bedford has a large population of us colored folks, and that we live right on with the white people there, side by side (McKivigan, 1999). I to a fault hear there are good job opportunities, and that my baby can go to school with the white children. I dont know when all of this is going to take place, so I cant give you a time yet that I might be there, if this all works out and I dont get shot trying to escape, or dragged back here to be whipped or so to death, or worse.I admit, Im scared of what might happen, but I earn to try, for me and for my baby. Milton says he will follow me, as soon as he can. Your loving niece, Libby September 23, 1853 Ashville, North Carolina Dear Aunt Betsey, Well, I did it I b reak loose the plantation. Three nights ago, I snuck over to Miltons farm like I always do. I had packed a little bundle of most of my belongings that I slung over my shoulder. It wasnt much. Just one other dress (my good one), some handkerchiefs, a hair brush, and some hard tack to eat, that was all.I k novel if all went well, I wouldnt be coming back. I wont miss that plantation at all. I bring no ties there, as you know. No family, since I was sold from the plantation where my mama and papa and brothers and sisters were 5 eld ago. They sold my brothers and sisters at the same time as me, and I have no idea where they went. I guess I should count us lucky we got to stay together until I was 13. Not many slaves are that lucky. Ive just been living in a cramped cabin with 5 other slave women with no family on the plantation, and they dont care much what I do.They know I have a beau next door, and they keep quiet about my comings and goings, as most of them have beaus of their own they have to sneak out to see. At Miltons farm, there were two white men and a white muliebrity waiting inside Miltons cabin. Milton lives on the edge of the property, near the fence, so no one from the house was likely to see the horses standing away the cabin, and all the lanterns were blown out to make it extra dark besides. These white people were there to take me to a safe house in North Carolina. They had a horse for me, and some food in a little basket.I utter my good-byes to Milton as quickly as I could, and he promised to come to me as soon as I was settled. Then, I got on my horse (I was scared, as Id never ridden a horse before) and followed the white people on their horses into the woods. In two days, we came to the dwelling of a nice store keeper and his wife, and they hustled me inside, where Ive been staying in a nice, clean, cool comeroom with a real quilt on the bed and a wash basin to wash my face in the morning time and water to drink whenever I want it. Th e woman of the house fifty-fifty gave me a new dress to wear. Ive never felt so good, so clean.Im to stay here until a new group of people comes to take me to the next stop. The woman of the house here said Im now on the Underground rail line. Thats what they call these safe houses along the way to the North (What Was the Underground railroad line? , n. d. ). The Underground railroad line. I like the sound of that. Its the Underground Railroad to freedom. Your loving niece, Libby October 6, 1853 Alexandria, Virginia Dear Aunt Betsey, I think I am getting closer to you. wizard of the children in my new safe house showed me a map of the United States and showed me where I am now and where you are.On a map, it does not look so far away, but I fear the journey is still many miles yet. There was such a commotion in North Carolina, you would not believe About a week after I escaped the plantation, a group of arm men came riding through town, putting up signs with a force of me on t hem, announcing a brookaway slave and a reward for my return. The woman of the safe house dressed me up as a man, and hid me in her attic until the men had ridden through town, just in case they should come inside looking for me.They did not come in, thanks be to the Lord, but they did ask a the door if anyone had seen me. I was so afraid I would be given up for the reward, but these were good people who were defend me. I never went outside the house, even to go to the outhouse, so there was never any chance of being seen and recognized by one of the townsfolk (I had a chamber pot for my use, and it was the job of one of the children to asinine all the chamber pots every morning). I dont remember how many days I was in the North Carolina safe house.One night, though, two free black women came to get me, and we walked together into the woods. We walked and walked, sleeping during the day and walking at night when it was easier to be invisible. They told me I was lucky, that most s laves who escaped the plantations didnt have anyone to help them until they got further north. They said the Underground Railroad didnt have too many operations in the South, at least not yet, and that most slaves were on their own in getting to that first stop on the Railroad (Blackett, 2002).I was lucky to have Milton, who knew the right people. These free women lived in New York state, but they were former slaves themselves, and they make it their business to help other slaves to escape to freedom like they did. They said they made many flows along the railroad to collect people, like they were doing for me. We essential have walked for a week, but I lost track of the ask amount of time. Fortunately, Im not showing in my gestation yet, so I dont have a immense belly to carry around with me, and I can still run pretty fast when I have to.Weve been lucky in that we harbort encountered those men who were looking for me, and the only thing we ever had to run from is the occasio nal skunk or wild boar. I think deity is looking out for me on this journey. We got to the next safe house in Alexandria in the middle of the night, just like before. This time, it was a family of Quakers who took me in. Quakers are some of the most active Christian abolitionists involved in the Railroad (Wallis, 1983). I found that I was not the only slave waiting to be taken North. There were six others waiting, three men, a younger male child who was almost a man, and two women.We stayed all together in the barn, but it was a nice barn, clean and full of sweet-smelling straw for us to lay on, and we were fed three large meals a day. We didnt have to do any work. The family wanted us to learn a divers(prenominal) way of life, one where we didnt have to do all the work all the time. They wanted us to experience getting waited on. I must(prenominal) admit, it was strange, but it felt strange in North Carolina, too. I want it, but I think its going to take some getting used to be fore not doing everything myself begins to feel anything less than strange. Your loving niece, Libby

How I will achieve academic and personal success at Eastern

I define college as a key to my future its more than just a school, tho a way of life. The chance one takes in succeeding in the mankind now is fiercer than ever. The surreal life that some one could ever commit for would be to become rich and famous in Beverly Hills. In on the whole truth I dont necessity to be equal e genuinelybody else, I am my own person in my little homo. I wish for that world of mine to expand and reach out for everyone to see how important a college education is. Without education thither is no dwellledge of what is there and non there. No understanding of the truth, and reality the world has to offer.My world may not be as big in all reality but what I dream of is bigger than all the galaxies combined. The one dream Ive had since I was a little girl is to go out-of-door to college, and make my academician life explode. To go far beyond the depths of Schaumburg and really get to know all that Eastern has to offer in Graphic Design. I take up always had a passion about contrivance I like to create my own ideas more often than duplicating projects that have al immortalizey been done. Art is like English, there is no plagiarizing other authors books, yet we still read them and pen essays interpreting the meaning of their work. There is no shortcut by means of life, but always a back way in which there is no devastation.Ive learned that I can only progress from practice. I really havent taken all the courses that my past schools have offered in Art. I was hoping that Eastern would give me that opportunity to progress in my drawing and design. I love to draw, take photographs, and write. I am not a schoolmaster drawer, just a miner doodler. I take pictures of beautiful scenes because I like to and insufficiency to remember every lovely moment I cognise through.I cannot write novels, they boar me to sleep, I can write imaginary tales of whatever I choose. I am a very creative person and would love to express my creative thou ghts with the world. I want to achieve my goals into life, and also never let myself down. By moving away from my family, and living on my own, I shall experience what college has to offer. Currently I am still living at home at my part-time job. I have a normal routine and normal life. I want to live on my own and start my life.There is not end to ones achievement, and I am only beginning. I want a sore busy world thats full of excitement. After college I want to act the world and see what really exceeds the United States. Im not going to drink away my goals locked away behind a desk where I am nowhere to be heard. I have to be out there moving, inventing, and acquire from other artists even after college is over. My ticket to start my journey would be this school. I am a huge perfectionist when it comes down to anything, I depart try until I get into this school. I never give up on life and thats why Eastern shouldnt give up on me. I will work hard and succeed to be the exce ed at what I do. Truly After all you only live once, but try to live twice.