Dna Structure

Associate Program Material DNA Worksheet reception the following in at least 100 words 1. cast the structure of DNA. DNA molecules atomic number 18 composed of two strands that form a helical ascending spiral. They fit together like the opposing teething of a zipper and are held together by weak interactions called atomic turning 1 bonds. These two strands is a presbyopic string of subunits called root words, each attached to the bingle immediately about it and the one immediately below it to form a long chain. Each nucleotide contains a five-carbon sugar.The five-carbon sugar contains a membered ring with an oxygen atom as one of the vertices. Each nucleotide also features a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base these bases are typically represented by adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine. The base is attached to carbon 1 of the sugar, biologist denote each of the carbons in the sugar using a number from 1 through 5, where 1 represents the carbon to which the base is attached. 2. How does an beingnesss genotype determine its phenotype? The genotype of an organism is the sum lend of all the genes that it inherits.It is sort of like a blue print that is intentional to serve as a guide in the development of the organism, so that it will become the same kind of creature as the call forth or parents that it came from. The phenotype, the organisms physical trait arises from the actions of a all-encompassing variety of proteins. For example structural proteins help make up the ashes of an organism, and enzymes catalyze its metabolic activity. A gene does not build a protein directly, but rather dispatched instructions in the form of ribonucleic acid, which in routine programs protein synthesis.The molecular chain of command is from DNA in the nucleus to RNA to protein in the cytoplasm. 3. Describe each stage of the flow of development head start with DNA and ending with a trait. DNA and RNA are long linear polymers, called nucleic acid s that carry information in a form that lavatory be passed from one generation to the next. These macromolecules consist of one large number of linked nucleotides, each composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. cultivated cabbage is linked by phosphates from a car park backbone, whereas the bases vary among four kinds.Genetic information is stored in the eon of bases along a nucleic acid chain. The bases from a particularised pair with one another that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The base pairing results I the formation of a double whorl a helix structure consisting of two strands. Genetic information in DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into polypeptides. These processes occur through organization and translation when a segment of DNA is transcribed, the results is an RNA molecule.Transcription is taken laid because the nucleic acid language of DNA has simply been rewritten as a sequence of bases of RNA the language is still that of nucleic acids. Th e nucleotide bases of the RNA molecules are complemental to those on the DNA strand. Translation is the conversion of the nucleic acids language to the polypeptide language. Like nucleic acids polypeptides are polymers, but the monomers that make them up are the 20 amino acids common to all organisms. The genetic instructions for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain are written in DNA and RNA as a series of three-base word codons.Codons are the DNA is transcribed in the RNA, and then the RNA codons are translated into amino acids that form polypeptides. Codons in informational RNA are read sequentially by tRNA molecules, which serve as adaptors in protein synthesis. References Berg J. M, Tymoczko, J. L, Stryer, L Bio Chemistry. 5th edition. New York W. H freeman 2002 Chapter 5, DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. gov/books/NBK21171 2012 Miller, C. Forms of Genotypes retrieved from http//www. ehow. com/info_8678611_forms-gen etics