Ragtime and Blues Essay Example for Free

Ragtime and vapours EssayRagtime and discolor are the two medicine names that give spang her name and life. Ragtime and color, which are generated and rose into commonplaceity at mostly the same time of period, are usually considered as closely connected because of spot and heretofore are rattling distinctive practice of medicine styles. They affect recognise in different perspectives, such as Ragtime in the usage of syncopation, the swing feeling, and Blues in the composition form, the improvisation, and the Soul. Similarity and difference What both Ragtime and Blues share is their obtuse regions. They are both a definitive and measurable component of early Black popular music. Almost all commentators expressed their view that the originators of Ragtime were black, and even some believe that it was imported from Africa and yet Blues was believed to start in slavery which involved with large population of African Americans. As Scott Joplin, one of the most influent ial Ragtime musician, stated, There has been tag music in America ever since the Negro race has been here. and this poetic statement would perfectly apply to Blues as well.Historically, tag and blues started and rose into popularity at basically the same time. Ragtimes huge popularity was abetted with the huge dimension of the print of Maple Leaf Rag by Scott Joplin in 1897. Almost the same time, classic blues like St. Louis Blues and Memphis Blues was composed by W. C. Handy. For a long period of time, specifically from 1890s to 1920s which was the time when acknowledge becomes a dominant popular music style, ragtime was the typical popular music form in America.The popularity of Blues and Ragtime at early ages was knockoutly associated with the popular theater in late 19th and early 20th century. Even though ragtime and blues share the same origin and same historic path, they are indeed very different music styles, which determines their contribution to Jazz and make it a ne w and yet unique music. The definition of Ragtime is the music that signifying the broken rhythm, especially a sort of syncopation. Indeed, the word rag is a verb describing the syncopation process of the music.Syncopation is such a significant character of ragtime and it somehow defines the music style of ragtime. Part of the reason that helps determine the syncopation of ragtime is that ragtime is an instrumental based music genre. At early times, ragtime is dominated by piano, especially with neat pianists like Scott Joplin and Ben Harney. And Blues, a more vocal based music, does not evidently engage with syncopation. Syncopation is the most most-valuable character that ragtime affects Jazz and some people believe that Jazz is a more complex form of syncopated music.Blues, often considered as a music that generated from slavery, was characterized with the improvisation. Improvisation is defined as creating music on the spot. Improvisation is not only a distinctive but also a g reat character because never has any music genre in the history before is based on improvisation. Even ragtime is based on pre-written music. Jazz took on this character and developed into a even more complicated, spicy music on the spot with different instrument arrangement. Jazz took improvisation to other level from this great tradition in blues.As far as the music style goes, ragtime is more affected by European style from the composition to instrument. Scott Joplin, the great ragtime musician mentioned earlier, was a classical trained piano player and the effect of classical music is obvious in his pieces. However, blues is more affected by its African origin. It is believed that one of the first blues was directly imported from African folk song. It is a very simultaneous music style and consists of a lot of elements of real life, such as the call-and-answer structure.It is also necessary to mention that the composition of blues like 12-bar blues and AABA structure greatly af fect the composition of Jazz, especially at early ages. A lot of the early Jazz songs are in such structure, like the first Jazz recording ever, livery stable blues by Original Dixieland Jazz Band. Ragtime, characterized with syncopation and strong rhythm and beats, was created for the need of people to dance. However, Blues has very strong and evident emotions in the performance, especially with the great vocalists that convey those emotions through their great vocal performance.Bessie Smith, one of the best Blues vocalists of all time, combined the strong rhythm sense with an extremely sensitive feeling of pitch and thus convey them to the large audience. In a sense, Blues gives Soul to Jazz, with those emotions and tones of struggle. Evidently, ragtime and blues, the Black Music, struggle to make them merge into different classes, not only popular but also respected. From ragtime and blues, this kind of struggle carried on with Jazz and gives Jazz the identity, the structure, the tone and the soul.

Analysis of Keplers Three Laws

Analysis of Keplers Three LawsIntroductionCosmological principle is a hypotheses of that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on a large scales (Random House Dictionary, 2017), which sum that the Universe(U1 or U2) will be seen as the same distribution of objects no matter where to see. Thus, the same physical lawfulnesss and models applied on the solid ground will as well applies in all parts of the Universe(uoregon, N/A). It was believed that the model of Earth-centred until the Renaissance. Copernicus came up with his geocentric model In this article, the laws be investigated is Keplers three laws, and demonstrates how new observations are found by observing the knowledge from previous. Kepler, who correctly defined the observation of Copernicus that the satellites revolve some the Sun, came up this his laws of artificial satelliteary motion and correctly the rolls of planets. Kepler in virtue of astronomical observations and records of Tyche Brahe, who was a wealthy astronomer and believed in Earth-centred model of universe, to found the areas of the planets followed three laws (NASA, N/A). Hence, Keplers three laws of planetary motion are 1st law of Ellipses, 2nd law of equal areas and 3rd law of harmonics(Air University, 2003), which each of them will be explored specifically in the following paragraphs just about the evidences that support the theory initially and currently.Theory Keplers get-go law states that the cooking stoves of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus(reference). This means that the Sun, as one of the points(foci), is not the centre of the ellipses and the planet follows the ellipse in its orbit, which the distance of the planet and Sun will changing constantly as the planet moves around in its shape of ellipses. This can be illustrated in Figure__, where the sum of the green and patrician lines are always constant.Secondly, Keplers second law describes the area of a planet connected by a line to the Sun travels in its ellipse orbit is equal to the area sweep in a fixed time period. This can be illustrated in Figure__, which v1 is the stop number at perihelion (when the position is closer to the Sun), v2 is the velocity at aphelion (when the position is far from the Sun), r1 and r2 is the distance from a planet to the Sun at perihelion and aphelion. The law of areas allows as the area swept are the same. Divide some(prenominal) side by to make it as ratio . If the distance of aphelion r2 is 2 times longer than perihelion, the velocity v2 will be 2 times poky than v1. Hence, this indicates the speed of the planet is faster when it is positioned close to the Sun, and slower when the distance of the planet to the Sun is far. In addition, Keplers second law supports his setoff law, as the velocity transmitter is constantly changing in its magnitude and direction. The magnitude of the velocity would be the same If the orbit were circular. Therefore, this further justified Keplers f irst law that the shape of the orbit is ellipses.Furthermore, the third law makes a comparison between the motion characteristics of different planets, which result in the squared ration of the orbital period of a planet is equal to the ration of the cubes of the distance it to the sun(semi-major axis). This can be expressed in formula , which that T1 and T2 are the orbital period of the dickens planets and A1 and A2 are the distances from the Sun to the planets for the two planets. The results t adequate in Figure__ demonstrates how the average distance (au) of the planets away from the Sun effect on the period (year) of the planets trave. Thus, it informs that the furthest the planets from the Sun are, the longer periods they are travel in their orbits.Furthermore, Newtons laws support Keplers laws and provide corrections. Newtons law of gravitation is found to describe the motions of all in the universe, which also justified the cosmological principle. As the velocity of the pl anet orbit is constantly changing, there is an acceleration in the movement and the areas sweep by the planet- Sun line are equal in their equal times, this indicates that there is a force directed acting on the planet to the Sun. This matches Newtons second law that there is an implied force that acts on the planets continuously. Newtons third law, which sates the size of forces acting on the two different interacting objects are the same, implies the force is proportional to the product of the masses for the planet and the Sun.JZ-01 Thus, Keplers laws are supported by the Newtons laws.http//www.pas.rochester.edu/blackman/ast104/newtonkepler.htmlNicolaus Copernicus firstly proposed his heliocentric view of the universe that the Earth was not the central and like all the other planets circled the Sun (First print of Heliocentric model by Nicolaus Copernicus see Figure__). However, he was not be equal to(p) to publish his theory until his death duo to people believed he was not conc erned about the Churchs approval. Furthermore, the evidence for Copernicus model is gradually mounted. Galileo observed the phase of genus Venus by his telescope, which prove that the planet orbits the Sun. Kepler corrected and defined the planets orbits after he became the assistant of astronomer, Tycho Brahe, who asked him to defined the orbit of Mars and passed his collection of astronomical observations to Kepler after his death. Brahe was taste to prove his theory with all his extensive astronomical records collected through his lifetime, which later on Kepler adapted his records and used to prove heliocentrism and found the orbits of the planets followed three laws. This was proved initially that Kepler started to describing the Earths orbit before the orbit of Mars, as Mars was observed from a moving Earth. As he followed the traditionally believed that the Earths orbit was circular, he illustrious the linear speed of the planet changed with the distance from the sun, whic h matches with the astronomical observations of the motions of Earth with a circular orbit collected by Brahe. Thus, the orbit of Earth is close to a circle defined. However, Mars was moving too quick at aphelion perihelion and too slow at the sides while using the model established initially for Earth. Therefore, Kepler headstrong to change the shape of the orbit to represent Mars position more accurately. Thus, the orbit is an ellipse was justified by applying the area law to calculate. Eventually, his discovery about the area of the planet to the Sun swept in equal times led to the realization of Keplers first law that the planets orbits are elliptic with the Sun at one focus point.Newton corrected Keplers law with his laws of motion and law of universal gravitation, which makes small change that the planets are orbited around the sun but around common centre of gravity. This helps to discover other planets in the other stars. The Hubble space telescope of NASA has taken the fir st visible- light snapshot of a planet circing some other star. The Hubble image of Fomalhut from the Hubble shows that the new discovered planet Fomalhaut b orbits its parent star. It also shows a ring of debris appears to surround the new planet (NASA, 2008).https//www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/fomalhaut.htmlfurthermore, Keplers first and second laws can also be supported by the weather and time on Earth, which if the orbit were a circle, the earth would travel at a constant speed and spend half of the time in both summer and winter. However, the winter time is about 2 days fewer in the winter half and the earth moves faster in the winter half(Stern, 2005).In conclusion, keplers laws are noneffervescent vaild today and have an important place in the chronicle of science, astronomy and cosmology. They are the key step in the revolution which moved from Earth-centred model to the heliocentric model, and they led the discovery of Newtons laws. . As the modern scientist s are still discover more about the universe and working in the light of discoveries made by earlier fellow scientists, thus, it justified Newtons statement, that if I have been able to see any further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants. JZ-01Rephrase this sentence.

Search Theory in Employment Scenario

Search Theory in fight ScenarioIntroductionThere constitute been changes in technology over years with peck appreciating and embracing the technical changes. This has been witnessed even in the job hunt club sector with most jobs publicized online. The riding habit of internet has not precisely make the lick easier but issued an efficacious and effective platform for job assay. Job websites like Monster.com has enabled many to part discipline in relation to vacancies. This has made them apply and in the process split up their careers in an easier manner. The Search Theory supports the notion that information availability helps in the reduction of frictional un ap stainment among workers (Alper et al., 2013). According to Stevenson (2008), the exercising of internet has enabled workers to change jobs without huge unemployment spell. ground in these two readings, job search using internet is improving todays workers anticipations when it comes to employment.6Search Theor yThis theory is about sellers and buyer who cope to find a partner in commerce at the spot. The theory specifically aims in finding the optimal strategy when choosing from several opportunities. The assumption made in the choosing is that in that respect is a constitute related to not making the decision. The search theory helps in the identification of the balance between cost and value. The cost is in relation to delay while the value is as per the act of trying again (Alper et al., 2013).Application of Search Theory in craft ScenarioThis is integrity of the most influential theories in the economics field as to date. This theory is unremarkably used in the economics of labor to study unemployment and factors related to it. The benign of employment studied is normally those caused by the employees seeking jobs that they desire more(prenominal). The theory holds that desirability of a given occupation depends on the values of the available alternatives negatively charged t he undesired act that is associated with the bunk. That is,Occupation Desirabity = Alternatives Value- Hunting UndesirabilityThis simply means that the desire of a given occupation depends on the value of the alternative jobs and the undesired to hunt the jobs (Alper et al., 2013).The use of internet in the job search has improved the desire when it comes to occupations. This is because of the fact that it has improved the information in relation to the alternatives in the market. cyberspace to a fault has reduced the undesirability that is related to job search. Internet is a friendly method that is cost effective and reliable making people to desire its use (Alper et al., 2013).Employment Prospect ImprovementFirst, it allows the employee to search for the known distribution of the vacancies. The known distribution vacancies are the job vacancies that one is aware of their reality. The information in relation to their existence can be from a friend, colleague or print material. The use of internet will increase the chances of employment since it will provide additional information in relation to the vacancy. The information can be in toll of how to apply for the job or the requirements that needed for application or the qualifications (Autor, 2001).According to Jansen, Jansen, Spink (2005), the use of internet can improve the employees employment prospect enabling the search for nameless jobs. This gives us the second point of this section which is searching for the unknown vacancies. Unknown jobs are the jobs that one didnt know of their existence thereof could look no information in relations to it. This is normally done done random search in the job advert sites and sees if there are any relevant jobs. The unknown job search can also be done trough random access to websites or other sections including sending emails o friends and social media. Internet job search allows for the search of jobs in a randomise manner (Glover, 2009). Jobs are always p osted in a daily basis in the job sites thus making it important for randomized job search in these sites. This increases the chances that the employee will get a stop job or develop his or her career to the better.The last point in this sector will be that internet job search can enable one to get a better job. The changes can be in terms of increased payment, increased benefits, higher or the change of environments. Using internet to search for jobs can enable one learn if the place they work at is really to the standard. If not, one can take the action of going to the better place or occupation or industry. Getting a better job normally comes with satisfaction and thus one values him or herself which is the main reason for career development (Holzer, 1996). According to Windleton and Five O quantify Club, people do go to internet so as to see that they access and apply to better jobs or positions. This is from the fact that in the market there are disagreeent ranges of salaries that are offered. These regions may be divided into the sections of government, non- government and private organizations. Similarly, the requirements needed in a given position may differ in terms of level of competence, experience or qualification.The Internet and Job Search by StevensonMajority of the people who use internet when searching for jobs normally get employed in the relevant sectors they want to (Stevenson, 2008). These employment sectors have also made it clear that the internet is the way to go since this are the areas that they advertise jobs. Internet has enabled the employees to identify and shift from job to job in an easy way. There are several ways to which this improves the employees employment prospects these are discussed below.Employment Prospect ImprovementFirst prospect is that the internet offers job options to the employee without looking for in several consultations. The internet allows the employee to get access in relation to the vacancies at the s itting position. This makes the employee to not waste time walking or engaging in activities as he or she looks for vacancies. As any other source of media, the fact that it informs the employee is an act of awareness creation. This makes the employee informed of the surrounding and the job vacancies that are related to his or her career. Most of the employers have shifted and advertises their jobs online thus one can only access the information through use of internet. Employers also have shifted their mentality and prefer the use of emails when it comes to job application. This ensures that the application gets to the relevant authority in a short span of time. Email use for job application also helps in the ensuring reliability of the means (Green, 2010).Secondly, use of internet in job search shows that the employee is up to date with the changes in technology. Dynamicity of the work places is a reality and the employees prefer potential employers or employers to be able to use these technologies. For example, a marketing buckram that uses online as a strategy of marketing will only prefer sales person who know how to use the internet (Onah and Nigeria, 1994). The fact that most people are educated and have similar qualification makes it relevant to appreciate an additional skill. This means that those with the information in relation to internet use have higher employment chances that those who dont.Thirdly, the use of internet in job search is cheaper compare to other means thus cost effective. Internet use can be in a bus, at a place of work, in the garden or any other place. This allows the act of multi tasking thus redemptive time. Using internet to search for jobs allows one to look for a job without making frictions with the present employer. This is because the employee will look for the jobs while at the office in the free moments between the working hours. This develops the career of the employee at the place of work. The same time it makes the employee aware of the greener pastures and their availability (Bellante and Jackson, 1983).Fourthly, the use of internet for job search improves the employment prospect of an individual through increasing the engagement frequency. The internet allows for the employee to engage as much as he or she wants with the site as he or she search for jobs. This freedom of engagement makes the use of internet in job search become flexible. With flexibility, internet then turns to be the best pickax since one can refer to a site as many times as he or she wants. The fifth point will be in terms of reliability of the internet in job search. Most organizations normally make their advertisements in the website so that makes it appropriate for one to search jobs in the website (Keifer and Neumann, 1979). Even the adverts that are normally in the print source are first put in the website before getting them to the print media. This makes the employee therefore to get first hand information. Reliab ility of the use of internet also goes together with its accessibility compared to other means. This makes accessibility the sixth point since the internet can be used in 24 hours, no matter the place, it is more accessible. Accessibility of the internet makes it more effective and efficient since time is not wasted.The seventh point is that internet job search equips the employee with the information in relation to job characteristics. Internet job search enables one to know the culture of the firm thus able to see if he or she can fit. This is through the information that is normally given in the organizations website. The eighth point is that internet job search enable creation of personal network. This is normally done through the platforms like LinkedIn among others. Through these networks the employees can know what to expect in the organization in terms of salary and also the environment (Green, 2010).ConclusionThe Search Theory has three points that supports that internet jo b search improves the employees of today prospects. The work by Stevenson (Dissertation) also gives more than seven points as evidence of the same. Using this two works, it is therefore clear that the use of internet in job search in this era increases the prospect of the employees.Work CitedAlpern, S., In Fokkink, R., In Gasieniec, L., In Lindelauf, R., In Subrahmanian, V. S. (2013).Search theory A game theoretic perspective. New York, NY Springer.Stevenson B. (2008). The Internet and Job Search (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from field of study Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge. (Order No. 13886)Green, L. (2010).The internet An introduction to new media. Oxford Berg.Keifer, N., Neumann, G. (1979). An Empirical Job Search Model, with a Test of Constant Reservation Wage Hypothesis. diary of Political Economy, 87 (1), 89-107Bellante, D. and Jackson, M. ( 1983). Labor Economics Choices in Labor Markets. New York McGraw- HillAutor, A. (2001). Writing the Labor Market. Jour nal of Economic Prospect, 15 (1), 25-40.Jansen, B., Jansen, K., Spink, A. (2005) Using the meshwork to Look for Work Implication of Online Job Seeking and Recruiting. Internet Research Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 15(1), 49- 66.Holzer, H. (1996). What Employees Want Job Prospects for Less- Educated Workers. New York Russell Sage Foundation.Glover, C. (2009).How to Use the Internet to Get Your Next Job. Atlanta Atlantic Pub Co.Wendleton, K., Five OClock Club (New York, N.Y.). (2014).Shortcut your job search Get meetings that get you the job. Boston, MA Cengage Learning.Onah, F. E., Nigeria. (1994).Employment prospects and training needs for self-employment in Nigeria. Lagos National Manpower Board.

The Scope Of Study And Limitation Construction Essay

The Scope Of Study And Limitation Construction EssayThe return for this dissertation is a conduct on the twisting flubs minimisation in Malaysia Construction Industry. Nowadays, mental synthesis and demolition shove along that produced in the cope out is increasing and becoming larger portion of the baseless disposed in Malaysia landfill. This question is selected and carried out in the first place cod to the way out stuffs from site have been largely generated and some of the Construction Industries in Malaysia have non been pr guessising by victimisation 4Rs invention to denigrate the superfluity on site.This is might come serious impact to the environment. The turn of events snitch has generated a signifi crumbt measuring stick of bluster to the earth that causes major(ip) impact on the global. Therefore, ancestors have to be fulfiled to minimizing the eddy waste to reduce the impact of the environment.Rising disposal costs and reduction in reduce of landfills create a need to search for alternatives to reduce, reuse, recycle and replace of social system waste being generated. Under this assertion, implementation of grammatical edifice waste focus raft be one of the app argonnt solutions for the diligence to calumniate waste and waste disposal, ultimately reducing costs incurred during the process and contri merelying to the global Environmental-friendly movement (Bon-Gang Hwang, 2010). The pull waste willing add-on from time to time in during the development of very large projects especially located in Town area. Thus, the necessity of determination appropriate solution to reduce the potential of tress waste been generated.Nowadays the waste management is not an option anymore but necessary. It must be seriously forebodings and implement a useful tool to minimize the verbal expression waste on site. Therefore, Re employ and Recycle has been known as one of the best solution to recycle the waste materials into recy cled contents and turn into usable materials. Sadly though, our national domestic cycle rate still excurse around a mere cardinal percent (Bernama, 2006). Currently in Malaysia, it is still not much of the construction constancy practice of 4Rs Concept. Thus, implementing of 4Rs Concept is one of the methods to solve the material waste to minimize the waste.According to Yusoff (2010) has apparently stated that wastages affect not only to the environment but in like manner incur extra costs. In Malaysia, there is a Brobdingnagian potential in reuse and recycle of construction waste into alternative materials that is usable in Malaysian Construction persistence if implement correctly. This will hopefully bring near construction resurgence (Yusoff, 2010). In many of the developed countries have started to implement reuse and recycle of the construction materials aggressively.The construction wastes affect not only the environment but also incurred extra cost has been spent on th e new material. This is mainly ascribable to maybe the un-used material on site has been damaged and additional cost need to reorder the material. Therefore, there is a need of implementing a vertical material storage to avoid damaging the material. opposite than that, the method of reuse and recycle of waste has been largely used on other developed counties. This means that there are has the huge potential in reuse and recycle of waste material on site in Malaysia. Thurs, implementing 4Rs Concept to reduce the extra cost incur on the unnecessary materials and also reuse and recycle of construction waste in the Malaysian construction industry. This will hopefully minimize the construction waste from being largely generated on site.Problem StatementIt is obviously that most of the construction industries may produce or generate a tremendous amount of debris and also substantive waste from sites. These debris and solid waste will leave onto the sites for decades or just dump into the sea that may cause to water pollution not just to our country but also damaging the world. In order to allow construction waste to be minimized, it is either by managing the material correctly much(prenominal)(prenominal) as provide a good housekeeping, provide proper material storage and so on or using 4Rs Concept such as reduce, reuse, recycle and replace of material waste on site.Most of the constructions industries generate lots of debris that can be totally cease because in every construction industry during activities in on going, there will be waste occurred no matter what method used to prevent it. It is view on how the project management reduce the waste to the minimal.In Malaysia, majority of the construction industry do not take advantages or practise of using reuse and recycle method and at the end the material abandon on the construction site. Consequently, this will cause increasing of burden on landfill fill up and operation on site. Thurs, it is time for Mal aysia to start to manage the material properly and also practise using recycle and reused to minimize the material waste on site. Therefore, it is advisable to all construction industries in Malaysia should start to practise 4Rs Concepts in order to minimize the construction waste.Research GoalsProject AimThe aim of this dissertation is mainly to carry out study regarding to minimize the construction waste in the construction industry. The Malaysian construction industry should implement some(prenominal) methods to minimize the construction waste material such as provide proper management for the material, reuse and recycle method and so on. Therefore, all the solution should be implementing in all construction industry in order to achieve the aims of this study.Objectives of ProjectTo identify the types of waste that can be used to reuse or recycle in construction industry.To learn the benefits of construction waste minimization in construction industry.To give out testimony on how to overcome the construction waste paradox in construction industry.Key QuestionsWhat are the types of waste that can be used to reuse and recycle in construction industry?What benefits can the construction waste minimization contribute to the construction industry?Which types of method can be implemented to overcome the construction waste problem in construction industry?Background of StudyNowadays many constructions industries around the world have produced a tremendous amount of waste into this world. umpteen of the waste produced from the constructions site has been dump on all over the places and it will increase from time to time relatively with development of rural and urban areas if construction industries did not managed them properly. Therefore, construction waste management plays an important role to minimize or control the amount of waste that produce from the construction site.The Malaysian construction industry has now mainly concerns regarding to the amount of c onstruction waste generated in Malaysia. In many of the developed countries have been using reuse and recycle of construction waste. Therefore, reuse and recycle have been recognised as one of the most workable strategy to control and minimize the waste on site. In most of projects, more than half of the construction wastes are recyclable materials.There are several authors have been spicylighted strategies for waste minimization. One of the strategies that find repeated mention in the literature is the strategy referred to as 3Rs reduce, reuse, recycle. (Shekdar, 2008 Wang et al., 2008 Kibert and Languell, 2000Teo and Loosemore, 2001). Therefore, there is a good opportunity to implementing 4Rs concept rather than 3Rs. This is mainly due to the 4Rs Concept is a better and workable strategy that can be used to control and minimize the construction waste.Scope of Study and LimitationThis look for is mainly focusing on the construction wastes minimization in Malaysian construction i ndustry. In this research, a case study of construction wastes minimization in Malaysian construction industry which mainly focusing on cities or town area such as Kuala Lumpur.Firstly, this research is carry out to ensure whether that the practise of reuse and recycle waste has been implemented in Malaysian construction industries. Besides that, to investi ingress the accepted trend of the waste management in Malaysian construction industry in order to find out the waste minimization method that provides smooth flow of process.Secondly, this research is carrying out by questionnaires to the relevant respondents that have the skills and knowledge regarding to the research topic. Not all respondents has the knowledge that can contribute to the research topic due to not many respondents had the experience and knowledge regarding to the construction waste minimization.The targets of the respondents are mainly focus on who have the experiences and knowledge regarding to the constructio n waste minimization in Kuala Lumpur such as contractors, specialists, professionals, project manager, etc.Contribution of the studyFirst of all, this research is carried out due to various curtilages. The main reason of this research is to reduce the cost of construction material and disposal. Due to this reason little waste will be generated means that a reduced quantity of materials will be purchased and less waste taken to landfill will reduce gate fees for disposal as well. This will changed recovery practices and motivate a sustained change in waste management practise in future. In order to reduce the cost of construction material, reused and recycled construction waste is the best solution to dispose the waste materials in the construction industry.Secondly, reused and recycled is an sparingally viable option. exploitation reused and recycled, the waste materials on site will not be dumped indiscriminately and sent to incinerators of burnt on-site or sent to landfill si tes. Contractors could just send the materials to recycling centres. From recycling of construction wastes, contractors could recoup their losses and make a healthy profit out of it. This method is already been used in the United States.In Malaysia, reused and recycled is still not commonly practise. Therefore, there is much potential to contribute on the market for recycled construction wastes. Therefore, our country not just cut deal the landfill sites but also cut down a lot of expenses on construction material to construction industry.The construction industry produces substantial amount of waste, which is about four times of that produced in households thereby accounting for more than 50 per cent of the waste deposited in a typical landfill (Ferguson et al., 1995 Coventry and Guthrie, 1998). This means the uprising of disposal costs and reductions in number of landfills that create a need to seek for other solutions to either reduce, recycle and reuse or providing a good mate rial storage management for the material from being damage and lead to construction waste.Lastly, the contractors in every construction industry should be practising 3Rs Concept or provide proper training regarding on efficiency of the material storage management. This will hopefully to prevent losses in the construction industry because the amount of construction waste generated is equal to waste of money in the construction company. This research is carried out to ask the best options to minimize or dispose the waste from the site in order to make the company gain profits.Research MethodologyThis research will be focus on the benefits of the construction waste management, the types of waste used to reuse or recycle and the method used to overcome the construction waste in order to minimize the construction waste in Malaysia construction industry.The stages of the research methodology can divided into 4 stages, which are demo 1 Literature Review and the Pilot StudyStage 2 The Te chnique of Data CollectionsStage 3 The Result of Analysis and FindingsStage 4 The Conclusion and pass of Data AnalysisStage 1 Literature Review and the Pilot StudyThe literature reexamine is a critical and in depth evaluation of previous research. The literature reassessment serves to ground and more chthonianstanding and knowledge of theoretical and research issues related to research topic. In order to collect information in the literature review, the molybdenumary descents is implement which included diary articles, books, newspapers, magazines, online sources, senior dissertation, etc. Therefore, a comprehensive of literature review regarding to the construction waste minimization in Malaysian construction industry is carry out. These will hopefully providing some useful information in carrying out the research topic in literature review. The literature review act as a guide to discovered more knowledge regarding to the research topic.Stage 2 The Technique of Data Col lectionsPrimary SourcePrimary source can be collected through case study, questionnaire and interview. These are the effective alternative solution that enables to collect adequate and solid information regarding to research topic. The questionnaire aspect technique is chosen to collect the data.QuestionnaireQuestionnaire will be the primary data collection which was selected as survey method for this research. The data collection is based on the open-ended questionnaires will be given out 20-50 respondents to relevant person who has the experience and knowledge in construction waste management. The questionnaire was designed in several sections and categories, the questionnaires will be distribute to the construction industry companies located in city area of Kuala Lumpur. The target respondents to distribute the questionnaire are mainly focus on the person who has knowledge regarding to the types of waste used to reuse or recycle, the benefits of the construction waste management and the method to overcome the construction waste. substitute(prenominal) SourceSecondary source can be collected through journal articles and journal review. In this secondary source, carry out study as much journal articles as possible in order to understand and provide help on this research topic. Other than that, other secondary source in including books, newspapers, magazines, meshing sources, senior dissertation will also be carried out to conduct this dissertation. The information that has been review or study must relate to the research topic in order to carry out this research efficiently.Stage 3 The Result of Analysis and FindingsThe data can be collected through appraise in questionnaire method. The structure of the questions is based on the research topic which is minimizing construction waste in the Malaysian construction industry. Approximate 20-50 sets of questions are send to the relevant respondents who has the experience and knowledge with the construction wast e minimization. The respondents are mainly targeted on the project manager, specialists, professionals, etc.After the data of questionnaires has been collected and gathered, the analysis return will be analysed and present into bar charts, pie charts or histogram form with explanations in details regarding to the data collected. Form the data that had been collected, writing up of the content of the dissertation is used in this stage to write up the result of analysis and findings that cover the chapters proposed in every each of the following section.Stage 4 The Conclusion and Recommendation of Data AnalysisIn this stage, the overall result of the survey is combined and gathered, then come out with the conclusion of the data analysis. After result analyse of the data is taken, recommendation of the data analysis from the survey is suggested regarding to the construction waste minimization in Malaysia construction industry.The construction wastes minimization in Malaysian construc tion industryTo identify the types of waste that can be used to reuse or recycle in construction industryTo analyse the benefits of construction waste management in construction industryTo give out recommendation on how to overcome the construction waste problem in construction industryLiterature Reviews(Secondary source)STAGE 1Technique of Data Collection(Primary source, Questionnaires)STAGE 2The Result of Analysis and FindingsA case study about the inflammation protection system in commercial buildingA set of question will be distribute to the commercial buildings users to dertermine theier knowledge about good time safetyAn interview would be carry out to the fire safety professionalSTAGE 3Conclusion and RecommendationSTAGE 4number 1.1 The Flow map of the Research MethodologySummaries of ChaptersChapter 1 world to the ResearchThe Chapter 1 for the project and dissertation is introduction to the research. Under this chapter, the researcher needs to explain to the reader that t he reason that choosing the dissertation title and briefly introduce the research title. The research goals for this research also one of the important parts to be included in this chapter. The aim, objectives and conjecture to be tested for the research title should be clear before start. A research content is a basic requirement to be nimble before proceed to the next stage. This is to brief the whole process of dissertation to the reader before read the content.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewLiterature review is to introduce the types of materials that can be reuse and recycle in Malaysian construction industry, the construction waste management that may lead benefits to the Malaysian construction industry and recommend on how the construction waste problem can be overcome in Malaysian construction industry. In this chapter, literature review will done by carried out studies on Articles from the internet, online sources, books and journals regarding to the construction waste in Mal aysian construction industry, the types of particular waste material that can be used to reuse and recycle in order to minimize the waste in Malaysia and recommend some solution to overcome the problem regarding to construction waste.Chapter 3 Research MethodologyIn this chapter will explain about the research methodology used in order to carry out this research. This chapter consists of the scope of this chapter, the argumentation of the research aim, the rational of questionnaire, research samples and lastly the method of analysis. In the first stage, the principle of waste management that normally manage in Malaysian construction industry. The second stage will be introducing the benefits of waste management that may lead benefits to the Malaysian construction industry. After that, introduce the types of waste material that can be used to reuse and recycle and recommend the most effective ways to overcome the waste problem in Malaysian construction industry. In order to achieve effective and efficient feedback from the respondent, all the design questionnaire should met with all the research objectives.Chapter 4 The Result of Analysis and FindingsIn this chapter will analyse the result from the questionnaire that collected from the relevant respondents. The purpose of this chapter will analyse the data collected and to analyse the information that obtained to charts or histogram from the respondents regarding of that particular title.Chapter 5 Conclusions and RecommendationsIn this chapter will sexual union up the conclusion and recommendation regarding of the project and dissertation on this research topic. Base on the result that obtained, the researcher should write down the conclusion and recommendation on this research topic. This will conclude all the information obtained and summarise the major conclusion to briefly explain what this research topic is all about.1.9 analysisAs a conclusion, a brief introduction has been stated in this chapter regar ding to the construction waste minimization in Malaysian construction industry. Besides that, reach of construction waste in the industries is reviewed and come out with several factors such as reduce, reused, recycle and replace. Next, problem statement has been stated the problems that face in the current construction industries regarding to the waste, thus 4Rs Concept is implement to minimize the waste. Therefore, the aim and objectives is carried out to determine the research topic. Other than that, the scope of the study has also carried out to come out with the location that the researcher going to focus and what are the targeted respondents. Lastly, research methodology is carried out to determine the method used to collect the data such as primary and secondary sources. After the data collected, analysis of the result will be conducted to analyse the information obtained into charts and histogram.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 IntroductionIn this chapter, literature review is going to carry out in depth study on the overview of the Malaysian Construction industry. After that, introduce the types of waste that normally generated in Malaysia and the method to overcome the construction waste from site in order to minimize the waste produce on site. The process of this is to investigate whether Malaysia construction industry has practise and carried out the 4R Concept in order to minimize the waste on site.2.2 The overview of the Malaysian construction industryFigure 2.1 national GDP and Construction GDP of 2006 to 2009In Figure 2.1 stated that the GDP has constantly increased from 2008 to 2009. This means that the economy is growing in Malaysia. Therefore, Malaysian construction projects are needed to give momentum to the economy to make firm on the Construction GDP. When the economy grows, the standard of living, opportunity for the jobs, economy will increase as well.Whenever things that has a good side, there will be also a bad side of it. The bad si de is that as there are demands of developments in Malaysia, the construction wastes produced will also increase as well. The construction industry will be known as non-environmental friendly industry due to pollution of air, water, sound and land. Other than that, it will also cause natural disasters such as flooding, landslides and so on. This is mainly due to inappropriate construction management and Lack of concern for the environmental consequences of large development projects.It is believed that the GDP has increase constantly. This shows that the standard of living, opportunity for the jobs, economy is increasing which mean waste generate by the Malaysian construction industry will be also increasing that may lead to pollution such as noise, air, water and land. This may cause to natural disaster such as landslides and flooding. Most of the developed countries such as Kuala Lumpur, they did not concern about the waste that produced to the environment and they just concern ab out the profit they are going to earn after the project is done.The construction industry in our country is fast becoming a fully grown waste generator. The extensive building and infrastructure development projects have led to a huge increase of construction and demolition waste recently. With that in mind, the disposal introduced EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) in 1987 within the framework of the Environmental Quality Act (EQA). Environmental impact assessment (HA) is a legal measure to curb environmental pollution and ecological destruction at the source Environmental review of projects prevents not only environmental degradation, but also construction errors and faulty economic analysis (Yusoff, 2010).In developed country such as United States, the construction industry has already produced tones and tones of construction waste on site. Whereas, in under develop country such as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is expected that numerous numbers of wastes is going to produce in the Malaysia construction industry. The waste produced in Malaysia will be more than United Stage due to there is more development on-going that cause waste definitely. Recently, the development of building and infrastructures project generates most of the waste due to hacking, dismantling, repairing work. On the other hand, the government also introduce the Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmental impact assessment is a legal measure to stop environmental pollution and ecological destruction at the source Environmental review of projects. It is not just minimizing the waste that generated in Malaysian construction industry but also environmental degradation.According to Ibrahim (2010) has stated that the construction materials wastage has shown that the costs of materials have been exceeded 50 percent of the construction cost, depending on the type of construction. The main reasons of causing such material wastage due to poor setting out error, workmanship, ordering of materi als not meeting specifications and requirement, excessive use of materials, breakage in poor intervention of materials and indelicate planning of storage (Ibrahim, 2010).This shows that in the construction industry, the percentage of the construction waste produced consist of very high percentage in Malaysia. Therefore it is time for everyone to take into consideration of implementing several ways to minimize the construction waste on site.Some waste is unavoidable even under perfect conditions of design and construction. barely excessive waste is common in the construction process and has original lack consideration by contractors or the industry. The waste levels in Malaysia is considerably high and from the Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2005 we may find that waste may be generated and do by in many forms. Based on notification received by the Department of Environment (DOE), a total of 548,916.11 metric tonnes of schedule wastes were generated in 2005 as compared to 469,584.07 metric tonnes in 2004 (Teoh Su Ping, 2009).It is surprisingly that the construction material sour up to be construction waste rapidly and gradually increasing from 2004 to 2005. It is just within one year, the waste that generated has gone up rapidly and the record of the waste is calculated in metric tonnes of wastes which mean the production of waste is very serious in Malaysia. There is a lot of opportunity to improve on waste minimization in Malaysia.The breakdown according to waste categories and industry types are given in (Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3 respectively). Of the total wastes produced 8s5,734.92 metric tonnes (15.6%) were treated and disposed at Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd., 8,423.26 metric tonnes (1.5%) were treated and disposed at Trinekens (Sarawak) Sdn. Bhd., 17,650.01 metric tonnes (3.2%) of clinical wastes were incinerated at pass off-site facilities, 5,224.00 metric tonnes (1.0%) were exported for recovery purposes, 149,569.99 metric tonnes (27.2%) of sc heduled wastes were recovered at off-site facilities, an estimated 120,345.25 metric tonnes (21.9%) were treated on-site and 161,968.68 metric tonnes (29.5%) were stored onsite at waste generators premises. Six land farms and 16 on-site waste incinerators had been licensed by DOE to allow for on-site treatment and incineration respectively. (Malaysia environmental musical note report, 2005).Figure 2.2 DOE Quality of Scheduled Waste Generated by Category, 2005(Sources from Malaysia environmental quality report, 2005)Figure 2.3 DOE Quality of Scheduled Waste Generated by Industry, 2005(Sources from Malaysia environmental quality report, 2005)2.3 The types of waste produced in MalaysiaThere are various waste generated in Malaysia industry. The waste can be differentiating as followingConstruction and demolition wasteCommercial and industrial wasteDomestic wasteSpecial wasteIn this research, it is mainly focus on construction and demolition waste that generated in Malaysian constructio n industry. The construction and demolition waste is accounted as the second highest in Malaysia. Although construction and demolition waste is not the highest waste that produced in Malaysia but construction and demolition is consider quite high in Malaysia.Figure 2.4 Types of waste produced in Malaysia2.3.1 Construction and Demolition wasteThe construction industry uses a wide of material including lumber or wood, concrete, aggregate, drywall, masonry products, plastic and metal products. In addition, hazardous materials such as paints, solvents, and adhesive are used. Many of these materials eventually frame wastes. Typically, up to 10 percent of the materials delivered to a construction site become waste (Magdich, P. 1995).According to Magdich (1995), it is understandable that the most of the material used in construction industries are normally wood, concrete, aggregate, metal and so on. The construction waste defines as most of these materials only uses 90 percent in the cons truction and the rest of the 10 percent will be end up wastage on site. The demolition waste defines as waste that generate from the demolition work of the buildings or structures. The component of the construction and demolition wastes differ mainly depend on the originate of the project or activities involved. add-in 2.1 shows the major components of the Construction and Demolition wastes.Construction wasteDemolition wasteDimension lumberDimension lumberplywoodPlywoodMetalsAsphaltConcrete / MasonryConcrete / MasonryFibreglassDrywallSoil and land-clearing wasteAppliancesFoam insulationPlasticsHazardous waste (solvent / Oils)CarpetOthersOthersTable 2.1 Major fate of Construction and Demolition wastes(Source from Magdich.P.1995)Construction wastePercent (%) By VolumeDimension lumber25Gypsum Wallboard15Masonry and Tile12 composition board10Manufactured Wood10Asphalt6Other Wastes5Fibreglass5Other Packaging4Metal4Plastic and Foam4Total100The estimated composition of Construction wast es in Malaysia is shown in below Table 2.2 and 2.3.Table 2.2 Estimated Composition of Construction waste in Malaysia(Source from Magdich, P. 1995)Demolition wastePercent (%) By VolumeWood Products33Masonry and Tile13Concrete53Others1Total100Table 2.3 Estimated Composition of Demolition waste in Malaysia(Source from Magdich, P. 1995)2.4 The classification of the construction wasteIn construction industry, the waste can be produced in anytime and anyplace on site or off site. There are great possibility of the material waste may be arise when deliveries to site is inappropriate handling or material on sites have been idling for too long. This means the wastes can be occurred in any moment and in all stages of constructing the projects. Therefore, material should be handling appropriately, mov

Essay --

butlers Bodies that way outJudith Butlers book entitled Bodies that Matter examines and questions the belief that certain male-female behaviors are natural at bottom our society. The behaviors that Dr. Butler has distinguished between in this book are femininity and masculinity. She believes that through our learned intelligence of these gendered behaviors this is an act or performance. She implies that this is brought to us by normative heterosexuality depicted in our timeline. In which, takes on the role of our language and accustomed normalization of society. Butler offers many ideas to prove some of her more radical ideas such as examples from other philosophers, performativity, and worldwide examples on gender/sex. Some philosophers that bet to be of relevance to her fighting ca use of goods and services are Michel Foucault, Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and George Herbert Mead. Her use of the doctrine of constitution takes the social agent as an object rather than the subject of essential acts (Performative). In other words, Dr. Butler will question the extent to which we as a human race assume the given individualism between whiz another. She has said that this will constitute him-or herself (Butler 13). She also wonders to what extent our acts are reputable for us, rather, by our place within dialect and convention. Dr. Butlers followings being of a postmodernist and poststructuralist practice, decides to use the term subject rather than individual or person in order to underline the linguistic nature of her position. This approach should be of credit to philosopher Jacques Lacan because exemplary order gives the system and signs of convention that determines our perception of what we see as reality. With the exception of ... ...Bodies 10). The very act of saying something about sex ends up imposing pagan or ideological norms, according to Butler. As she puts it, sex becomes something like a fiction, perhaps a fantasy, retroactively in stalled at a prelinguistic site to which there is no tell access (Bodies 5). Nonetheless, that fiction is central to the establishment of subjectivity and human society, which is to say that, even so, it has material effects the I neither precedes nor follows the process of this gendering, but emerges only within and as the matrix of gender relations themselves (Bodies 7). Overall, I really liked butlers voice and articulation of certain dilemmas and her theme and reiteration of important facts. I give you with a quote in which i like from her because you can interpret it in so many ways. It read more lives are grievable than others (Butler).

history of communication :: essays research papers

HISTORY OF COMMUNICATIONBetter than shoutingCommunication begins with lyric, the distinctive ability which has do possible the evolution of human society. With language any message, no matter how complex, push aside be conveyed between people over a limited hold - inwardly a room or place of assembly, or across a gip open space. In modern times town criers hold an annual contest to discover which of them can shout a comprehensible message over the greatest distance. The world record is less than 100 metres. Already, at that short range, a more practical alternative is to run with the message. The history of conversation is mankinds search for ways to improve upon shouting. byc When running with a message, to convey it in intercommunicate form, it is safer to do it oneself. Sending anyone else is unreliable, as the game of Chinese whispers demonstrates. So another requirement for efficient communication is a system of writing. Messages carved on match pillars communicate ve ry well across time, down through the centuries, but they are an inefficient method of communicating across space. The message reads only within reading range its recipients must travel to receive it. The system is altogether more efficient if it is the message which travels. This requires yet another ingredient in the communication package - a portable writing material such as papyrus. byg There are forms of long-distance communication not based on words. The shutout signals used by American Indians (above all perhaps in westerns) are of this kind. So are bonfires lit in succession on a promissory note of hilltops. But such devices are only capable of conveying very limited pre-arranged signals, such as danger or victory. Some non-verbal systems are more sophisticated. The whistled language of Gomera, in the Canary islands, is used to communicate across deep valleys. It is well adapated to the islanders immediate needs, but would be incapable of sending this paragraph as an high -fidelity message. For communication of this kind writing remains indispensable. byd Post haste 6th century BCThe sending of written messages is a standard feature of authorities in early civilizations. Much of our knowledge of those times derives from archives of such messages, discovered by archaeologists. There is great advantage to a ruler who can send or receive a message quicker than his rivals. In the estimation of the ancient world the most efficient postal service is that of the Persians.

Computers and Education :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Computers have both positively and negatively impacted the education field. They have helped t distributivelyers keeping a spreadsheet on the students so it is easier to keep their grade average straight. Computers have helped students write reports and gain information from the Internet but there ar overly negative affects from the information processing systems. Students ar able to obtain information from the Internet and use it as their own. Students are also able to purchase reports/papers online and turn them in. By looking at both of these one can see that the computer has impacted the field of education both positively and negatively.For teachers the computer has become an important tool in the classroom. Teachers are now able to keep a running spreadsheet on their students grades along with the agenda for the week. No longer do teachers adopt to calculate the students average. All that needs to be done is a simple spreadsheet with the formulas and grades/scores plugged i nto the cells. This helps the teacher save clipping so it can be used for more important things such as grading papers and planning recent activities. This helps teachers because students are always asking a teacher where they stand and with this the teacher will know as long as all the information is plugged into the cells. By having the agenda on the computer the teacher is able to print it off quickly incase a student loses it.Another way the computer/Internet helps teachers is they can get new lesson plans on line. There are many sight on line that allow teachers to go to get information on activities for subjects and for certain grade levels. They also can go onto chat rooms with other teachers and exchange information. By doing this teaches can talk about what works in their classrooms and what did not. They can tell each other what activities the students liked and what activities that they did not. This helps them get new information and new ideas so the lessons are not th e same and they can find variety on what is taught. Students are able to attain research for term papers/reports from the Internet. They are able to get more information on line in less time then it would take to go to the library look up the books needed and read the books. The Internet allows students to browse through topics in a wide weave in a minimal amount of time, by doing this it takes students less time to research and gives them more time to work on papers and projects.